Arc Flash Hazard Analysis and Mitigation. J. C. Das

      

      Table of Contents

      1  COVER

      2  TITLE PAGE

      3  COPYRIGHT PAGE

      4  FOREWORD

      5  PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION

      6  PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION

      7  ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

      8  ABOUT THE AUTHOR

      9  1 ARC FLASH HAZARDS AND THEIR ANALYSES 1.1 ELECTRICAL ARCS 1.2 ARC FLASH HAZARD AND PERSONAL SAFETY 1.3 TIME MOTION STUDIES 1.4 ARC FLASH HAZARDS 1.5 ARC BLAST 1.6 ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD 1.7 FIRE HAZARD 1.8 ARC FLASH HAZARD ANALYSIS 1.9 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 1.10 HAZARD BOUNDARIES 1.11 MAXIMUM DURATION OF AN ARC FLASH EVENT AND ARC FLASH BOUNDARY 1.12 REASONS FOR INTERNAL ARCING FAULTS 1.13 ARC FLASH HAZARD CALCULATION STEPS 1.14 EXAMPLES OF CALCULATIONS 1.15 REDUCING ARC FLASH HAZARD REVIEW QUESTIONS REFERENCES

      10  2 SAFETY AND PREVENTION THROUGH DESIGN: A NEW FRONTIER 2.1 ELECTRICAL STANDARDS AND CODES 2.2 PREVENTION THROUGH DESIGN 2.3 LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING CODES, REGULATIONS, AND STANDARDS 2.4 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS 2.5 CHANGING THE SAFETY CULTURE 2.6 RISK ANALYSIS FOR CRITICAL OPERATION POWER SYSTEMS 2.7 RELIABILITY ANALYSIS 2.8 MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION 2.9 SAFETY INTEGRITY LEVEL AND SAFETY INSTRUMENTED SYSTEM 2.10 ELECTRICAL SAFETY IN THE WORKPLACES 2.11 RISK REDUCTION 2.12 RISK EVALUATION 2.13 RISK REDUCTION VERIFICATION 2.14 RISK CONTROL REVIEW QUESTIONS REFERENCES

      11  3 CALCULATIONS ACCORDING TO IEEE GUIDE 1584, 2018 3.1 MODEL FOR INCIDENT ENERGY CALCULATIONS 3.2 ELECTRODE CONFIGURATION 3.3 IMPACT OF SYSTEM GROUNDING 3.4 INTERMEDIATE AVERAGE ARCING CURRENT 3.5 ARCING CURRENT VARIATION FACTOR 3.6 CALCULATION OF INTERMEDIATE INCIDENT ENERGY 3.7 INTERMEDIATE ARC FLASH BOUNDARY (AFB) 3.8 ENCLOSURE SIZE CORRECTION FACTOR 3.9 DETERMINE EQUIVALENT HEIGHT AND WIDTH 3.10 DETERMINE ENCLOSURE SIZE CORRECTION FACTOR 3.11 DETERMINATION OF I_ARC, E, AND AFB (600 V < V_OC ≤ 15,000 V) 3.12 DETERMINATION OF I_ARC, E, AND AFB (V_OC ≤ 600 V) 3.13 A FLOW CHART FOR THE CALCULATIONS 3.14 EXAMPLES OF CALCULATIONS REFERENCES

      12  4 ARC FLASH HAZARD AND SYSTEM GROUNDING 4.1 SYSTEM AND EQUIPMENT GROUNDING 4.2 LOW RESISTANCE GROUNDING 4.3 HIGH RESISTANCE GROUNDED SYSTEMS 4.4 UNGROUNDED SYSTEMS 4.5 REACTANCE GROUNDING 4.6 RESONANT GROUNDING 4.7 CORNER OF DELTA-GROUNDED SYSTEMS 4.8 SURGE ARRESTERS 4.9 ARTIFICIALLY DERIVED NEUTRALS