CURRENTS IN DC SYSTEMS 15.2 SOURCES OF DC SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENTS 15.3 IEC CALCULATION PROCEDURES 15.4 SHORT CIRCUIT OF A LEAD ACID BATTERY 15.5 SHORT CIRCUIT OF DC MOTORS AND GENERATORS 15.6 SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT OF A RECTIFIER 15.7 SHORT CIRCUIT OF A CHARGED CAPACITOR 15.8 TOTAL SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT 15.9 DC CIRCUIT BREAKERS AND FUSES 15.10 ARCING IN DC SYSTEMS 15.11 EQUATIONS FOR CALCULATION OF INCIDENT ENERGY IN DC SYSTEMS 15.12 PROTECTION OF THE SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES REVIEW QUESTIONS REFERENCES
24 16 APPLICATION OF ETHERNET AND IEC 61850 COMMUNICATIONS 16.1 IEC 61850 PROTOCOL 16.2 MODERN IEDs 16.3 SUBSTATION ARCHITECTURE 16.4 IEC 61850 COMMUNICATION STRUCTURE 16.5 LOGICAL NODES 16.6 ETHERNET CONNECTION 16.7 NETWORKING MEDIA 16.8 NETWORK TOPOLOGIES 16.9 APPLICATION TO ARC FLASH RELAYING AND COMMUNICATIONS REVIEW QUESTIONS REFERENCES
25 APPENDIX A: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY APPLIED TO ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING A.1 MEAN MODE AND MEDIAN A.2 MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION A.3 SKEWNESS AND KURTOSIS A.4 NORMAL OR GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION A.5 CURVE FITTING: LEAST SQUARE LINE REFERENCES
26 APPENDIX B: TABLES FOR QUICK ESTIMATION OF INCIDENT ENERGY AND PPE IN ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
27 INDEX
28 IEEE PRESS SERIES ON POWER ENGINEERING
List of Tables
1 Chapter 1TABLE 1.1. BallisticsV50 Results for Arc-Rated Fabric SystemsTABLE 1.2. Resistance of 130-cm2 Areas of Various MaterialsTABLE 1.3. Time–Current Zones for 15–100 Hz AC Currents for Hand-to-Feet Path...TABLE 1.4. Limitations of ARC Flash Hazard Calculation MethodsTABLE 1.5. Classes of Equipment and Typical Bus GapsTABLE 1.6. Classes of Equipment and Typical Working DistancesTABLE 1.7. Factors for Equipment and Voltage ClassesTABLE 1.8. Protective Clothing CharacteristicsTABLE 1.9. Limited Approach and Restricted Approach BoundariesTABLE 1.10. Arc Flash Boundary and Incident Energy Release for 30 kA of Bolte...TABLE 1.11. Arc Flash Boundary and Incident Energy Release for 30 kA of Bolte...TABLE 1.12. Statistics of Arc Flash IncidentsTABLE 1.13. Arc Flash Calculations, Example 1.5TABLE 1.14. Measures to Protect Against Arc FlashTABLE 1.15. Matrix of Sample Arc Flash Mitigation MeasuresTABLE 1.16. Measures for Mitigating Arc Flashes at Key Locations in Data Cent...
2 Chapter 2TABLE 2.1. Workplace Electrical Deaths, 1992–2000TABLE 2.2. Definition Summary for the Reliability AnalysisTABLE 2.3. SIL for Safety Functions Operating on Demand or in a Continuous De...TABLE 2.4. Parameters of Determining Risk Levels and Likelihood of Injury or ...TABLE 2.5. Severity of Possible Injury or Damage to Health, ClassificationTABLE 2.6. Frequency and Duration of ExposureTABLE 2.7. Likelihood of a Hazardous Event (Pr) ClassificationTABLE 2.8. Likelihood of Avoiding or Limiting Injury or Damage to Health (Av)...TABLE 2.9. Sample Auditing FormTABLE 2.10. The Hierarchy of Risk Control MethodsTABLE 2.11. Failures per Year-IEEE 493-2007
3 Chapter 3TABLE 3.1. Coefficients for Equation (3.1)TABLE 3.2. Coefficients for Equation (3.2)TABLE 3.3. Coefficients for Equations (3.3), (3.6), (3.7), and (3.10)TABLE 3.4. Coefficients for Equations (3.4) and (3.8)TABLE 3.5. Coefficients for Equations (3.5) and (3.9)TABLE 3.6. Guidelines to Determine Equivalent Height and WidthTABLE 3.7. Coefficients for Equations (3.14) and (3.15)TABLE 3.8. Arc Flash Calculations According to IEEE 1584, 2002 Versus 2018 Ed...TABLE 3.9. Arc Fault