rel="nofollow" href="#ulink_4995c01e-17d8-5c38-a69a-0f95921c425b">13.3 Regional peace operations in practice Conclusion 14 Privatization 14.1 The private security industry and peace operations 14.2 The costs and benefits of privatizing peace operations 14.3 A future of privatized peace enforcement? Conclusion 15 Use of Force 15.1 The evolution of force in peace operations 15.2 Key questions about using force in peace operations Conclusion 16 Civilian Protection 16.1 The rise and evolution of POC mandates 16.2 Consequences of POC mandates 16.3 Tensions and challenges raised by POC mandates 16.4 Assessing and reforming the UN’s POC record Conclusion 17 Gender 17.1 Peace operations and the women, peace and security (WPS) agenda 17.2 Increasing women’s participation in peace operations 17.3 Sexual exploitation and abuse in peace operations Conclusion 18 Policing 18.1 The evolution of policing in peace operations 18.2 Approaches to policing in peace operations 18.3 Challenges facing police peacekeepers Conclusion 19 Organized Crime 19.1 Organized crime and peace operations: growing convergence 19.2 Peacekeepers and organized crime 19.3 Responding to organized crime Conclusion 20 Exit 20.1 Exit in theory and practice 20.2 Political challenges 20.3 Operational challenges 20.4 Economic challenges Conclusion
11 Appendix
12 References
13 Index
Guide
1 Cover
9 Appendix
10 References
11 Index
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Levels of analysis for studying peace operations
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Number and type of peace operations, 1947–2019Figure 2.2 Generic structure of a multidimensional peace operationFigure 2.3 Authority, command and control in multidimensional UN peacekeeping operationsFigure 2.4 UN peacekeeping expenditures, 1947–2019Figure 2.5 Models of partnership peacekeeping
3 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Total number of uniformed UN peacekeepers, November 1990 – September 2019Figure 5.2 Number of ongoing UN peacekeeping operations, 1947–2019Figure 5.3 Number of ongoing UN-authorized and non-UN peace operations, 1947–2019
4 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 The ‘holy trinity’ of traditional peacekeeping
5 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 UN peacekeeper fatalities by year and incident type, 1948 – November 2019
6 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Mentions of the term ‘stabilization’ in UN Security Council open meetings, 2001–…
7 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Peace implementation pillars in Bosnia
8 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 United Nations force generation in the pre-deployment phaseFigure 12.2 Number of countries contributing UN uniformed peacekeepers, November 1990 – Octo…Figure 12.3 Uniformed UN peacekeepers provided by the P5, November 1990 – December 2019
9 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Number of regional peace operations, 1946–2019Figure 13.2 Number of regional and