United States. Central Intelligence Agency

The 1990 CIA World Factbook


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severe flooding are rare

      Note: close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia

      - People

       Population: 372,108 (July 1990), growth rate 7.1% (1990)

      Birth rate: 23 births/1,000 population (1990)

      Death rate: 4 deaths/1,000 population (1990)

      Net migration rate: 52 migrants/1,000 population (1990)

      Infant mortality rate: 10 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)

      Life expectancy at birth: 74 years male, 77 years female (1990)

      Total fertility rate: 2.9 children born/woman (1990)

      Nationality: noun—Bruneian(s); adjective—Bruneian

      Ethnic divisions: 64% Malay, 20% Chinese, 16% other

      Religion: 60% Muslim (official); 8% Christian; 32% Buddhist and indigenous beliefs

      Language: Malay (official), English, and Chinese

      Literacy: 45%

      Labor force: 89,000 (includes members of the Army); 33% of labor force is foreign (1988); 50.4% production of oil, natural gas, and construction; 47.6% trade, services, and other; 2.0% agriculture, forestry, and fishing (1984)

      Organized labor: 2% of labor force

      - Government

       Long-form name: Negara Brunei Darussalam

      Type: constitutional sultanate

      Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan

      Administrative divisions: 4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular—daerah);

       Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong

      Independence: 1 January 1984 (from UK)

      Constitution: 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)

      Legal system: based on Islamic law

      National holiday: National Day, 23 February (1984)

      Executive branch: sultan, prime minister, Council of Cabinet Ministers

      Legislative branch: unicameral Legislative Council

       (Majlis Masyuarat Megeri)

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court

      Leaders:

       Chief of State and Head of Government—Sultan and Prime Minister Sir Muda

       HASSANAL BOLKIAH Muizzaddin Waddaulah (since 5 October 1967)

      Political parties and leaders: Brunei National United Party (inactive), Anak Hasanuddin, chairman; Brunei National Democratic Party (the first legal political party and now banned) Abdul Latif bin Abdul Hamid, chairman

      Suffrage: none

      Elections: Legislative Council—last held in March 1962; in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the sultan and no elections are planned

      Communists: probably none

      Member of: ASEAN, ESCAP (associate member), IMO, INTERPOL, OIC, UN

      Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Dato Paduka Haji MOHAMED SUNI bin Haji Idris; Chancery at 2600 Virginia Avenue NW, Washington DC 20037; telephone (202) 342–0159; US—Ambassador Christopher H. PHILLIPS; Embassy at Teck Guan Plaza (corner of Jalan McArthur), Bandar Seri Begawan (mailing address is P. O. Box 2991, Bandar Seri Begawan); telephone p673o (2) 29670

      Flag: yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands

      - Economy Overview: The economy is a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation and welfare measures, and village tradition. It is almost totally supported by exports of crude oil and natural gas, with revenues from the petroleum sector accounting for more than 70% of GDP. Per capita GDP of $9,600 is among the highest in the Third World, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes food and housing.

      GDP: $3.3 billion, per capita $9,600; real growth rate 2.5% (1989 est.)

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.5% (1989 est.)

      Unemployment: 2.5%, shortage of skilled labor (1989 est.)

      Budget: revenues $1.2 billion (1987); expenditures $1.6 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (1989 est.)

      Exports: $2.07 billion (f.o.b., 1987); commodities—crude oil, liquefied natural gas, petroleum products; partners—Japan 55% (1986)

      Imports: $800 million (c.i.f., 1987); commodities—machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods; food, beverages, tobacco; consumer goods; partners—Singapore 31%, US 20%, Japan 6% (1986)

      External debt: none

      Industrial production: growth rate NA%

      Electricity: 310,000 kW capacity; 890 million kWh produced, 2,580 kWh per capita (1989)

      Industries: petroleum, liquefied natural gas, construction

      Agriculture: imports about 80% of its food needs; principal crops and livestock include rice, cassava, bananas, buffaloes, and pigs

      Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–87), $20.6 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–87), $143.7 million

      Currency: Bruneian dollar (plural—dollars); 1 Bruneian dollar

       (B$) = 100 cents

      Exchange rates: Bruneian dollars (B$) per US$1—1.8895 (January 1990), 1.9503 (1989), 2.0124 (1988), 2.1060 (1987), 2.1774 (1986), 2.2002 (1985); note—the Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singapore dollar

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      - Communications

       Railroads: 13 km 0.610-meter narrow-gauge private line

      Highways: 1,090 km total; 370 km paved (bituminous treated) and another 52 km under construction, 720 km gravel or unimproved

      Inland waterways: 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 meters

      Ports: Kuala Belait, Muara

      Merchant marine: 7 liquefied gas carriers (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 348,476 GRT/340,635 DWT

      Pipelines: crude oil, 135 km; refined products, 418 km; natural gas, 920 km

      Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft (3 Boeing 757–200, 1 Boeing 737–200)

      Airports: 2 total, 2 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,659 m; 1 with runway 1,406 m

      Telecommunications: service throughout country is adequate for present needs; international service good to adjacent Malaysia; radiobroadcast coverage good; 33,000 telephones (1987); stations—4 AM/FM, 1 TV; 74,000 radio receivers (1987); satellite earth stations—1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT

      - Defense Forces Branches: Royal Brunei Armed Forces, including air wing, navy, and ground forces; British Gurkha Battalion; Royal Brunei Police; Gurkha Reserve Unit

      Military manpower: males 15–49, 104,398; 60,242 fit for military service; 3,106 reach military age (18) annually

      Defense expenditures: $197.6 million, 17% of central government budget

       (FY86)

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       Country: Bulgaria