United States. Central Intelligence Agency

The 1990 CIA World Factbook


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paved, 2,500 km gravel or laterite, 3,000 km improved or unimproved earth

      Inland waterways: Lake Tanganyika

      Ports: Bujumbura (lake port) connects to transportation systems of

       Tanzania and Zaire

      Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft

      Airports: 8 total, 7 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; none with runways 1,220 to 2,439 m

      Telecommunications: sparse system of wire, radiocommunications, and low-capacity radio relay links; 8,000 telephones; stations—2 AM, 2 FM, 1 TV; 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station

      - Defense Forces

       Branches: Army (includes naval and air units); paramilitary Gendarmerie

      Military manpower: males 15–49, 1,230,559; 642,927 fit for military service; 61,418 reach military age (16) annually

      Defense expenditures: 3.1% of GDP (1987)

      ——————————————————————————

       Country: Cambodia

       - Geography

       Total area: 181,040 km2; land area: 176,520 km2

      Comparative area: slightly smaller than Oklahoma

      Land boundaries: 2,572 km total; Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km,

       Vietnam 1,228 km

      Coastline: 443 km

      Maritime claims:

      Contiguous zone: 24 nm;

      Continental shelf: 200 nm;

      Extended economic zone: 200 nm;

      Territorial sea: 12 nm

      Disputes: offshore islands and three sections of the boundary with Vietnam are in dispute; maritime boundary with Vietnam not defined; occupied by Vietnam on 25 December 1978

      Climate: tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to October); dry season

       (December to March); little seasonal temperature variation

      Terrain: mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north

      Natural resources: timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential

      Land use: 16% arable land; 1% permanent crops; 3% meadows and pastures; 76% forest and woodland; 4% other; includes 1% irrigated

      Environment: a land of paddies and forests dominated by Mekong River and Tonle Sap

      Note: buffer between Thailand and Vietnam

      - People

       Population: 6,991,107 (July 1990), growth rate 2.2% (1990)

      Birth rate: 39 births/1,000 population (1990)

      Death rate: 16 deaths/1,000 population (1990)

      Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1990)

      Infant mortality rate: 128 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)

      Life expectancy at birth: 47 years male, 50 years female (1990)

      Total fertility rate: 4.5 children born/woman (1990)

      Nationality: noun—Cambodian(s); adjective—Cambodian

      Ethnic divisions: 90% Khmer (Cambodian), 5% Chinese, 5% other minorities

      Religion: 95% Theravada Buddhism, 5% other

      Language: Khmer (official), French

      Literacy: 48%

      Labor force: 2.5–3.0 million; 80% agriculture (1988 est.)

      Organized labor: Kampuchea Federation of Trade Unions (FSC); under government control

      - Government

       Long-form name: none

      Type: disputed between the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea

       (CGDK) led by Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK and the People's Republic of Kampuchea

       (PRK) led by HENG SAMRIN

      Capital: Phnom Penh

      Administrative divisions: 18 provinces (khet, singular and plural) and

       1 autonomous municipality* (rottatheanei, singular and plural);

       Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe,

       Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Kracheh,

       Mondol Kiri, Phnum Penh*, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear,

       Prey Veng, Rotanokiri, Siemreab-Otdar Meanchey,

       Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev; note—there may be a new province of

       Banteay Meanchey and Siemreab-Otdar Meanchey may have been

       divided into two provinces named Siemreab and Otdar Meanchey

      Independence: 9 November 1953 (from France)

      Constitution: 27 June 1981

      National holidays: CGDK—Independence Day, 17 April (1975);

       PRK—Liberation Day, 7 January (1979)

      Executive branch: CGDK—president, prime minister; PRK—chairman of the

       Council of State, Council of State, chairman of the Council of Ministers,

       Council of Ministers

      Legislative branch: CGDK—none; PRK—unicameral National Assembly

      Judicial branch: CGDK—none; PRK—Supreme People's Court

      Leaders: Chief of State—CGDK—President Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK (since NA July 1982); PRK—Chairman of the Council of State HENG SAMRIN (since 27 June 1981);

      Head of Government—CGDK—Prime Minister SON SANN (since NA July

       1982);

       PRK—Chairman of the Council of Ministers HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985)

      Political parties and leaders: CGDK—three resistance groups including

       Democratic Kampuchea (DK, also known as the Khmer Rouge) under Khieu Samphan,

       Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) under Son Sann, and National

       United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia

       (FUNCINPEC) under Prince Norodom Sihanouk; PRK—Kampuchean People's

       Revolutionary Party (KPRP) led by Heng Samrin

      Suffrage: universal at age 18

      Elections:

       CGDK—none;

      PRK—National Assembly—last held 1 May 1981; in February 1986 the Assembly voted to extend its term for five years (next to be held by March 1990); results—KPRP is the only party; seats—(123 total) KPRP 123

      Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IRC, ITU, Mekong Committee (inactive), NAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO for CGDK; none for PRK

      Diplomatic representation: none

      Flag: CGDK—red with the yellow silhouette of a stylized three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat in the center;

      Non-Communists—three horizontal bands of blue, red (double width), and blue with a white stylized temple representing Angkor Wat centered on the red band;

      PRK—red with the yellow silhouette of a stylized five-towered temple representing Angkor Wat in the center

      - Economy Overview: Cambodia is a desperately poor country whose economic development has been stymied by deadly political infighting. The economy is based on agriculture and related industries.