Of a population of 3,000,000, four fifths need not be counted as taxpayers, as they include women, children, clerks, farmers' help, domestic help—classes who pay no taxes but the indirect duty on clothes they wear and food they eat. This practically means that the billion-dollar burden of making the ideal of Confederation into a reality by building railroads and canals was borne by 600,000 people, which means again a large quota per man to the public treasury. People forget that you can't take more out of the public treasury than you put into it, that it is n't like an artesian well, self-supplied, and the truth is, at this period Canadians were paying more into the public treasury than they could afford—more than the investment was bringing them in.
ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS
| Page | |
| MAP OF WESTERN CANADA | Frontispiece |
| VIKING SHIP RECENTLY DISCOVERED After a photograph of the Viking Ship at Sandefjord, Norway. | 2 |
| MAP SHOWING DIVISION OF THE NEW WORLD BETWEEN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL | 3 |
| A TYPICAL "HOLE IN THE WALL" AT "KITTY VIDDY," NEAR ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND From a photograph. | 4 |
| SEBASTIAN CABOT After the portrait attributed to Holbein. | 5 |
| JACQUES CARTIER After the portrait at St. Malo, France, with signature. | 8 |
| WHERE THE FISHER HAMLETS NOW NESTLE, NEWFOUNDLAND From a photograph. | 9 |
| ANCIENT HOCHELAGA After a cut in the third volume of Ramusio's Raccolta, Venice, 1565. | 15 |
| THE "DAUPHIN MAP" OF CANADA, CIRCA 1543, SHOWING CARTIER'S DISCOVERIES | 21 |
| QUEEN ELIZABETH After the ermine portrait in Hatfield House, with signature. | 25 |
| THE BOYHOOD OF GILBERT AND RALEIGH From the painting by Sir John Millais. | 26 |
| SIR HUMPHREY GILBERT After the print in Holland's Herwologia-Anglica, 1620. | 27 |
| SIR WALTER RALEIGH After the portrait in the possession of the Duchess of Dorset. | 29 |
| AT EASTERN ENTRANCE TO HUDSON STRAITS From a photograph by Dominion Geological Survey. | 31 |
| HUDSON COAT OF ARMS From Lenox Collection, New York City. | 32 |
| THE FANTASTIC ROCKS OF GASPÉ From a photograph. | 33 |
| SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN After the Moncornet portrait, with signature. | 34 |
| PORT ROYAL OR ANNAPOLIS BASIN, 1609 From Lescarbot's map. | 36 |
| BUILDINGS ON STE. CROIX ISLAND From Les Voyages du Sieur de Champlain, Paris, 1613. | 38 |
| PORT ROYAL From the same. | 43 |
| TADOUSSAC From the same. | 45 |
| DEFEAT OF THE IROQUOIS From the same. | 47 |
| THE ONONDAGA FORT From the same. | 55 |
| VIEW OF QUEBEC From the same. | 56 |
| QUEBEC From the same. | 59 |
| SIR WILLIAM ALEXANDER After an engraved portrait by Marshall. | 62 |
| MAP SHOWING LA TOUR'S POSSESSIONS IN ACADIA | 64 |
| CARDINAL RICHELIEU After the portrait by Philippe de Champaigne | 66 |
| MAP OF ANNAPOLIS BASIN | 69 |
|
MADAME DE LA PELTRIE
|