Jeffrey McCullough

Transfusion Medicine


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Maryland, hardware store [15]. Because the instrument was developed at the NCI, the plans were in the public domain. The American Instrument Company obtained these plans and developed their version of the device, which they called the Aminco Celltrifuge.

      Source: Data are from information provided by the manufacturers and Burgstaler EA. Blood component collection by apheresis. J Clin Apher 2006; 21:142–151. © 2006, John Wiley & Sons. Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.

Individual components produced Combinations of components possible
Instrument Manufacturer Platelets Granulocytes MNCs/PBMCs Plasma Red cells Collected with plasma Collected with RBCs
Trima Accel Terumo × × × RBCs, platelets Platelets, plasma
Spectra Optia Terumo × ×
Alyx Fresenius Kabi × × RBCs Plasma
Amicus Fresenius Kabi × × × × Platelets Platelets, plasma
Aurora Fresenius Kabi ×
Autopheresis C Fresenius Kabi ×
NexSys PCS Haemonetics ×
PCS2 Haemonetics ×
MCS+ 8150 Haemonetics × × RBCs Plasma
MCS+ 9000 Haemonetics × × × × Platelets

      MNC, mononuclear cell; PBSC, peripheral blood stem cell; RBC, red blood cell.

      The key to the instrument was the rotating seal, one section of which was attached to the rotating centrifuge bowl and the other fixed to the blood inflow and outflow lines [17]. The NCI‐IBM Blood Cell Separator contained a blood reservoir so that the donor could be bled intermittently but blood flow into the centrifuge was continuous. The Aminco Celltrifuge was a simpler instrument without the reservoir system, but this necessitated continuous bleeding of the donor. These systems, like the original Latham bowl for plateletpheresis, were very cumbersome because they were made of multiple reusable parts that had to be cleaned, sterilized, and reassembled between procedures. To simplify the procedure and to use more disposable equipment, IBM developed the Model 2997 blood cell separator. In this instrument, the centrifuge bowl was replaced with a disposable hollow plastic blood separation channel attached at both ends to the input and output blood flow ports to form a closed loop [18]. This instrument then formed the basis for the IBM, and later COBE (now Terumo), plateletpheresis instruments.

      As the Latham bowl and the Haemonetics system were being developed for plateletpheresis, attempts were made to also use this for granulocyte collection. The intermittent‐flow centrifuge was operated in much the same way as for plateletpheresis, but the operator adjusted the blood flow rates and time of component collection to remove the buffy coat rather than the platelet layer [19–21].

      Subsequently a new generation of apheresis instrument technology was developed [22, 23], including a microprocessor to control the operation of the instrument combined with a system that lacked the rotating seal present on the IBM, Celltrifuge, and Haemonetics devices. This system, the Baxter CS‐3000, made possible different types of blood separation because different unique separation chambers were developed for the particular component desired [22, 23]. This system had the additional advantage of being completely closed and enabling sterile collection, and thus storage of products for longer than the 24‐hour limitation.

      These three basic instruments—the Haemonetics models, the Gambro (COBE/Terumo) blood cell separator models, and the Baxter CS‐3000—were the mainstay of apheresis for blood component production in the United States for many years, each with certain strengths [24, 25]. Recently, newer apheresis