Table of Contents 1
Cover
5
1 Semiconductor Theory
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Review of the basic concepts of crystalline semiconductors
1.3. P–N junction
1.4. Impurities and defects
1.5. Metal/semiconductor contact
1.6. Semiconductors under non-equilibrium conditions
1.7. Space charge current
1.8. Hopping conduction
6
2 Materials
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Organic materials
2.3. Conjugated polymers
2.4. Energy bands
2.5. Small molecules
2.6. Design and engineering of organic materials
2.7. Hybrid materials or nanocomposites
2.8. Transparent and conductive materials
2.9. Materials for encapsulation
7
3 Optical Processes
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Interaction between light and molecules
3.3. Optical processes
3.4. Excitons
3.5. Experimental techniques
8
4 Electronic Processes
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Charge carrier injection process
4.3. Charge transport process
9
5 Interface Processes
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Formation of organic semiconductor/metal interfaces
5.3. Surface characterization techniques
5.4. Interface engineering
5.5. Conclusion
11
References
12
Index
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1. Generation and recombination processFigure 1.2. Energy band diagram of a P–N junction. For a color version of this f...Figure 1.3. Structural defects in semiconductors: a) vacancy; b) interstitial at...Figure 1.4. Trapping and recombination mechanisms: a) capture of an electron; b)...Figure 1.5. The pulse applied to the junction and the variation of the junction’...Figure 1.6. Changes in the SCR of the junction during the trapping process: 1) b...Figure 1.7. The process of light emission in SCs, with and without defects. For ...Figure 1.8. The parameters in the energy band diagram for metals and SCs. For a ...Figure 1.9. The parameters in the energy band diagram for metals and SCs. For a ...Figure 1.10. Schottky barrier at a metal/SC interface with the Schottky effectFigure 1.11. Electron transport in a contact between a metal and an N-type SC. F...Figure 1.12. The change in the concentration of excess carriers as a function of...Figure 1.13. Diffusion of excess carriers within the thickness of an SC lit on o...Figure 1.14. Electronic conduction regime of the space-charge limited current. a... 2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1. Basic structure of an SC-based light-emitting diode: (a) inorganic S...Figure 2.2. Structures of polymers. For a color version of this figure, see www....Figure 2.3. Trans and cis configurations of polyacetyleneFigure 2.4. Hybridization of the carbon atom and hybridization mechanism of sp2....Figure 2.5. Atomic orbitals π and π* of the π bondFigure 2.6. Structure of polyacetylene: a) chemical bonds between atoms; b) orbi...Figure 2.7. Structure of benzene: a) chemical bonds between atoms; b) orbitals o...Figure 2.8. Molecular structures of poly(phenylene)Figure 2.9. Different techniques for deposition of polymer films in a solution: ...Figure 2.10. Wave functions of atomic and molecular orbitalsFigure 2.11. Energy levels of the isolated atom, the molecule formed by two atom...Figure 2.12. Representation of solitons: a) energy of a dimer consisting of two ...Figure 2.13. Formation of bipolarons by solitons. For a color version of this fi...Figure 2.14. Doping mechanisms for N-type and P-type organic SCs. For a color ve...Figure 2.15. Molecular structure of small molecules of benzene cyclesFigure 2.16. Examples of polymers and small molecules and their use in electroni...Figure 2.17. Types of chain arrangement in poly(hexylthiophene)Figure 2.18. Preparation of
