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Series Editor
Robert Baptist
Organic Electronics 1
Materials and Physical Processes
Thien-Phap Nguyen
First published 2021 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:
ISTE Ltd
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John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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© ISTE Ltd 2021
The rights of Thien-Phap Nguyen to be identified as the author of this work have been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2020948483
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-1-78630-321-9
Introduction
Organic electronics can be defined as a branch of general electronics that focuses on studying the properties and applications of organic semiconductors. These materials, referred to in common usage as plastics, are, in fact, a distinct class separate from that of ordinary plastic materials. They may be small molecules, or conjugated polymers, which have an electronic structure comparable to that of conventional semiconductors. Therefore, their physical properties are very similar to the properties of these latter materials. However, organic materials are generally amorphous and their electrical conductivity is much lower than that of traditional semiconductors. As a result, they have been neglected for a long time despite the discovery of some of their notable physical properties, such as the discovery of electroluminescence in anthracene in the 1960s.
In all scientific or technological disciplines, an idea, concept or creation can arise with a change or progression and profoundly alter the course of the evolution of the discipline – and sometimes even the course of the history of science. Such was the case in 1947 when