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Solar-to-Chemical Conversion


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feature of the OEC is that electrons and protons are removed in an alternate fashion along the S‐state cycle [126–128]. This creates a redox‐leveling effect, which means that the four successive oxidative steps can take place within a narrow range of potential.

The cycle of intermediate oxidation states of the oxygen‐evolving complex. Water is assumed to bind at the S3 state of the cluster and upon reconstitution of the S0 state. The S4 state is a postulated but unobserved transient intermediate that decays spontaneously to S0 with release of dioxygen The Mn4CaO5 cluster and its protein pocket in the dark‐stable S1 state as revealed by protein crystallography (PDB ID: 3WU2, a), and a scheme showing the commonly used labeling of the ions comprising the inorganic core

      There is a strong but complex connection between the geometric and electronic structure of the OEC. This connection is key for deciphering the structure of the other S‐states and, eventually, for understanding the mechanism of biological water oxidation [7]. In the following, some of the currently most well‐supported ideas about the geometric and electronic structure of the other S‐states will be presented, with the caveat that there exist significant open questions and ambiguities about many of the specifics [7, 8].