rel="nofollow" href="#ulink_ca82a558-026b-5fd8-aa38-fb2014cdc4ed">Figure 1.4 Dental trauma caused by sporting activities, in this case boxing....Figure 1.5 Dental trauma caused by a road traffic accident presenting 2 year...
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 An example of a ‘boil in the bag’ mouth guard.Figure 2.2 A correctly extended maxillary mouth guard covering the teeth and...Figure 2.3 An incorrectly extended maxillary mouth guard not covering the so...Figure 2.4 Helmets for bike travel can reduce injury severity.Figure 2.5 Orthodontics reducing an increased overjet.
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Radiograph (phosphor plates) sizes for dental trauma.Figure 3.2 Basic equipment for repositioning and splinting traumatised teeth...Figure 3.3 Extended range of dental equipment for splinting and endodontics....Figure 3.4 Pulp testing equipment. (a) Electric pulp test (b) Cold test.Figure 3.5 Tungsten carbide bur for removing composite during splint removal...
4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Extra oral examination noting (a) bilateral swelling and bruising...Figure 4.2 (a) Soft tissue trauma of the upper lip and palate (b) exposed bo...Figure 4.3 Palpation over the apex of the intruded lateral incisor would ide...Figure 4.4 Palatally displaced maxillary incisors resulting in open bite on ...Figure 4.5 (a) Periapical radiograph of the maxillary left central incisor s...
5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Illustration of an infraction injury.Figure 5.2 Clinical appearance of infraction or craze lines in the enamel (a...Figure 5.3 (a) Light cure illumination of an infraction injury to the maxill...Figure 5.4 Periapical radiograph of an infraction injury.Figure 5.5 Infraction lines with lower left lateral incisor but associated e...
6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Illustration of an enamel fracture.Figure 6.2 Clinical appearance of an enamel fracture of the maxillary left c...Figure 6.3 Periapical radiograph showing an enamel fracture of the (a) maxil...Figure 6.4 Clinical appearance of an enamel fracture of the mandibular left ...Figure 6.5 (a) Clinical appearance of a maxillary right central incisor enam...
7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Illustration of an enamel‐dentine fracture.Figure 7.2 (a) Clinical appearance of an enamel‐dentine fracture. (b) Note t...Figure 7.3 (a) Periapical and (b) occlusal radiograph showing an enamel dent...Figure 7.4 Clinical appearance of an enamel‐dentine fragment retrieved from ...Figure 7.5 (a) Clinical appearance of a direct composite resin restoration u...
8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Illustration of an enamel‐dentine‐pulp fracture.Figure 8.2 (a) Clinical appearance of an enamel‐dentine‐pulp fracture. (b) N...Figure 8.3 (a) Periapical radiograph showing the enamel‐dentine‐pulp fractur...Figure 8.4 Clinical appearance of an enamel‐dentine‐pulp fragment.Figure 8.5 (a) Clinical appearance of an enamel‐dentine‐pulp (complicated) f...
9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Illustration of a crown‐root fracture that does not involve the p...Figure 9.2 Clinical appearance of a maxillary lateral incisor with a crown‐r...Figure 9.3 Periapical radiograph of a maxillary right central incisor with a...
10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Illustration of a crown‐root fracture involving the pulp.Figure 10.2 Clinical appearance of a crown‐root fracture including the pulp ...Figure 10.3 (a) Periapical radiograph of a crown‐root fracture including the...Figure 10.4 (a) A clinical example of a fracture extending palatally involvi...Figure 10.5 Maxillary left canine fractured tooth portion removed. In this i...Figure 10.6 (a) Surgical crown lengthening of the maxillary left central inc...
11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Illustration of a root fracture. This can happen at the cervical...Figure 11.2 Clinical appearance of both maxillary central incisors that have...Figure 11.3 Periapical radiograph showing the middle third root fractures of...Figure 11.4 An occlusal radiograph showing the same maxillary central inciso...Figure 11.5 An off‐centre periapical radiograph showing subtle signs of a ma...Figure 11.6 Cone beam CT image clearly showing a horizontal root fracture.Figure 11.7 Factors associated with a poor prognosis include (a) periodontal...Figure 11.8 Splinting of the maxillary central incisors due to a middle root...Figure 11.9 (a) This maxillary right central incisor presented with a cervic...
12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Illustration of an alveolar process fracture, note the fracture ...Figure 12.2 Clinical appearance of (a) an alveolar process fracture of the m...Figure 12.3 (a) periapical radiograph illustrating the faint outline of the ...Figure 12.4 Cone beam CT images of an alveolar process fracture in (a) axial...Figure 12.5 (a) Clinical appearance of the mandibular incisors repositioned ...
13 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Illustration of a concussion injury.Figure 13.2 (a) Clinical appearance of a concussion injury of the maxillary ...Figure 13.3 Occlusal radiographic appearance of a concussion injury of the m...
14 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Illustration of a subluxation injury.Figure 14.2 Clinical appearance of a subluxation injury to the lower left la...Figure 14.3 (a) Periapical radiograph of a subluxation injury to the mandibu...Figure 14.4 Occlusal radiograph of a subluxation injury to the left maxillar...
15 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Illustration of an extrusion injury.Figure 15.2 Clinical appearance of an extrusion injury of the maxillary righ...Figure 15.3 Occlusal radiograph of the maxillary anterior teeth illustrating...Figure 15.4 Clinical appearance of the repositioned maxillary right central ...Figure 15.5 Periapical radiograph of the maxillary right central incisor cor...
16 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Illustration of an intrusion injury.Figure 16.2 (a) Clinical appearance of a severe intrusion injury of the maxi...Figure 16.3 (a) Periapical and (b) occlusal radiographic appearance of the m...Figure 16.4 Clinical appearance of forceps being used to reposition the intr...Figure 16.5 Clinical appearance of the the maxillary right central incisor s...Figure 16.6 Clinical appearance of the intruded maxillary right central inci...
17 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Illustration of a lateral luxation injury.Figure 17.2 Clinical appearance of the laterally luxated maxillary left cent...Figure 17.3 Clinical appearance of the maxillary central incisors palatally ...Figure 17.4 (a) Periapical radiograph of the palatally luxated maxillary cen...Figure 17.5 Clinical appearance of how to reposition luxated teeth. Grasp th...Figure 17.6 Clinical appearance of the now repositioned maxillary central in...Figure 17.7 Clinical appearance of the now repositioned laterally luxated ma...
18 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 Illustration of a luxation injury. Note the displaced root apex ...Figure 18.2 (a) Periapical and (b) occlusal radiograph showing a luxated max...Figure 18.3 Illustration of how to disimpact the apex of a luxated tooth by ...Figure 18.4 Illustration of the dis‐impacted apex.Figure 18.5 Illustration of repositioning the luxated tooth.Figure 18.6 Historical luxation injury of the maxillary right lateral inciso...Figure 18.7 (a) Historical palatal luxation injury to the maxillary central ...
19 Chapter 19Figure 19.1 Illustration of an avulsion injury.Figure 19.2 Example of a tooth transported in milk.Figure 19.3 Illustration of an avulsed maxillary right central incisor.Figure 19.4 Occlusal radiograph demonstrating the small fractures in the buc...Figure 19.5 Hold the tooth by the crown only.Figure 19.6 Socket irrigation with saline.Figure 19.7 (a) Endodontic treatment completed outside the mouth by a second...
20 Chapter 20Figure 20.1 An example of 0.4mm round stainless steel orthodontic wire for f...Figure