LCCN 2020032119 (print) | LCCN 2020032120 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119599609 (hardback) | ISBN 9781119599623 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119599678 (epub)
Subjects: MESH: Esophageal Diseases
Classification: LCC RC815.7 (print) | LCC RC815.7 (ebook) | NLM WI 255 | DDC 616.3/2–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020032119 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020032120
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Image: LINX device © Reginald Bell
Centre image © Dustin Allan Carlson and Peter J Kahrilas
X‐ray © Victor Velanovich
IN MEMORIAM
On January 8, 2021, our dear friend and mentor, Donald O. Castell, passed away as part of this horrible COVID pandemic. The “Pope of Esophagology” will be missed by all of us. Don’s name was synonymous with the field of esophageal motility and diseases of the esophagus. His inspiration and legacy is a testimonial to the 84 authors who have participated in this sixth edition of The Esophagus, first published in 1991. Rest in peace good friend. You have and will continue to inspire us as physicians, teachers and investigators.
Joel, David, Phil, André, Stuart and Michael
Contributors
Sami R. Achem, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
Amit Agrawal, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; and Northern Light Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, Maine, USA
Emily C. Ambrose, Division of Laryngology, Department of Otolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
Tara Barry, Division of General Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, The University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
Reginald Bell, Institute of Esophageal Reflux Surgery, Englewood, Colorado, USA
Guy E. Boeckxstaens, Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Luigi Bonavina, Division of General and Foregut Surgery, Esophageal Cancer Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milano Medical School, Milano, Italy
Albert J. Bredenoord, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
James P. Callaway, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
Michael J. Camilleri, Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
Dustin A. Carlson, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Donald O. Castell, Esophageal Disorders Program, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
Walter W. Chan, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Kenneth J. Chang, Digestive Health Institute, University of California, Irvine, USA
John O. Clarke, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
Steven Clayton, Section on Gastroenterology, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina, USA
Evan S. Dellon, Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing and Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
Steven R. DeMeester, The Oregon Clinic, Portland, Oregon, USA
Tom R. DeMeester, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
Kenneth R. DeVault, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
John A. Dumot, University Hospitals of Cleveland and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
Puja Sukhwani Elias, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
Hashem B. El‐Serag, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
Gary W. Falk, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Ronnie Fass, Digestive Health Center; and Head, Esophageal, and Swallowing Center, MetroHealth System and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
Kenneth C. Fletcher, Division of Laryngology, Department of Otolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
C. Gaelyn Garrett, Division of Laryngology, Department of Otolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
Joy E. Gaziano, Joy McCann Center for Swallowing Disorders, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
Phillip S. Ge, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
John R. Goldblum, Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
Rene D. Gomez‐Esquivel, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
C. Prakash Gyawali, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Magnus Halland, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York, USA
Ikuo Hirano, Divsion of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Prasad G. Iyer, Barrett’s Esophagus Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
John W. Jacobs, Jr., Joy McCann Culverhouse Center for Swallowing Disorders, Divisions of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
David A. Johnson, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
Peter J. Kahrilas, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Philip O. Katz, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jay