Gastrointestinal Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
David A. Katzka, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York, USA
Robert T. Kavitt, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Mohamed Khalaf, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
Marc S. Levine, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Charles J. Lightdale, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; and Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, New York‐Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia; New York, New York, USA
Xiuli Liu, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
Alberto Luporini, Division of Medical Oncology, Esophageal Cancer Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milano, Italy
Kristle Lee Lynch, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Ravinder K. Mittal, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego and Gastroenterology Section San Diego Veterans Health Care Center, La Jolla, California, USA
Samuel Nurko, Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Edward C. Oldfield IV, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
John E. Pandolfino, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Parth J. Parekh, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
Shere Paris, Baylor Scott and White Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center; and the Baylor Scott and White Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Dallas, Texas, USA
Brett Parker, GI and Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Oregon Clinic, Portland, Oregon, USA
Dhyanesh Patel, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
Roberto Penagini, Università degli Studi of Milan and Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
Gottumukkala S. Raju, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
Arvind Rengarajan, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Joel Richter, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Joy McCann Culverhouse Center for Swallowing Disorders, Tampa, Florida, USA
Wout O.A. Rohof, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Sabine Roman, Digestive Physiology, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Lyon I University, Lyon, France
Rachel Rosen, Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Stephen E. Rubesin, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Adham R. Saad, Division of General Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, The University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
Patrick Sanvanson, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
Felice Schnoll‐Sussman, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jay Monahan Center for Gastrointestinal Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
Sajiv Sethi, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Joy McCann Culverhouse Center for Swallowing Disorders, Tampa, Florida, USA
Reza Shaker, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
Fahmi Shibli, The Esophageal and Swallowing Center, MetroHealth System and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
Daniel Sifrim, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
Michael S. Smith, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mount Sinai West & Mount Sinai Morningside Hospitals; and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York, New York, USA
André J.P.M. Smout, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Rhonda F. Souza, Baylor Scott and White Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center; and the Baylor Scott and White Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute Dallas, Texas, USA
Stuart Jon Spechler, Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center; and the Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
Lee L. Swanstrom, Institute of Image Guided Surgery (IHU‐Strasbourg), Strasbourg, France
Aaron P. Thrift, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
Arvind J. Trindade, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY; Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell
Michael F. Vaezi, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
John J. Vargo, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
Vic Velanovich, Division of General Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, The University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
Kenneth K. Wang, Barrett’s Esophagus Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
C. Mel Wilcox, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
Rena Yadlapati, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Frank Zerbib, CHU Bordeaux, Haut‐Lévêque Hospital, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Pessac, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
Preface
The History of Esophagology
Donald O. Castell MD
Professor Emeritus, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
My exposure to studies of esophageal function began in the middle of the twentieth century and reflects 50 years of clinical experience and testing using