rel="nofollow" href="#ulink_3eacb8cf-f190-536c-8182-9bf7a0681ddf">9.3 Subtyping and Classification of Children with DLD 9.4 Implications of Subtyping Research for Clinical Practice 9.5 General Outcomes and Long‐term Stability for DLD 9.6 Causal Explanations for DLD 9.7 Intervention Outcomes 9.8 Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgment REFERENCES 10 Pragmatic Impairment 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Mental State Attribution During Communication 10.3 Scope of Pragmatic Impairment 10.4 Language in Pragmatic Impairment 10.5 Pragmatic Language Assessment and Intervention 10.6 Summary REFERENCES 11 Learning Disabilities 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Historical Context and Definition 11.3 Types of Learning Disabilities 11.4 “Specific” Disabilities in Language and Reading 11.5 Theories of Learning Disabilities 11.6 Etiology of Learning Disabilities 11.7 Identification and Intervention 11.8 Impact of LD in Adulthood 11.9 Summary REFERENCES 12 Literacy and Literacy Impairments 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Conceptualizations of Literacy 12.3 Literacy as Social Practice 12.4 Literacy as Personal Skill 12.5 Solutions and Conclusions REFERENCES 13 Language and Literacy in the Context of Early Life Adversity 13.1 Introduction 13.2 A Strong Start to Life Promotes Prosocial Interpersonal Skills in the Preschool Years 13.3 Developmental Language Disorder 13.4 Language and Culture 13.5 Threats to Optimal Child and Adolescent Language Development 13.6 Language Disorder: Diagnosis and Assessment in Vulnerable Populations 13.7 Assessment Processes and Considerations 13.8 Summary and Conclusions REFERENCES 14 Aphasia 14.1 What is Aphasia? 14.2 The Incidence and Prevalence of Aphasia 14.3 Some History 14.4 The Features of Aphasia 14.5 Recovery and Treatment 14.6 Psychosocial and Emotional Response to Aphasia REFERENCES
9 Part III: Speech Disorders 15 Children with Speech Sound Disorders 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Normal Speech Development 15.3 Nature of Speech Sound Disorders 15.4 Clinical Management of Speech Sound Disorders 15.5 Conclusion REFERENCES 16 Dysarthria 16.1 The Brain Network of Speech Motor Control in Typical Adult Speakers 16.2 Dysarthria: Classification and Taxonomy 16.3 Dysarthric Deficits in Neurological Disorders 16.4 Auditory‐Perceptual and Instrumental Analysis of Motor Speech Disorders 16.5 Therapeutic Approaches in Dysarthria REFERENCES 17 Apraxia of Speech 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Etiologies of AOS 17.3 Features and Differential Diagnosis 17.4 Assessment 17.5 Treatment 17.6 Summary REFERENCES 18 Augmentative and Alternative