of the Reproductive System Example of an Examination Protocol Scrotal Circumference References 9 Evaluation of Breeding Soundness Introduction Semen Collection Semen Evaluation References 10 Ultrasound Examination of the Reproductive Tract Introduction Equipment and General Methodology Examination of the Scrotum Examination of the Pelvic Organs Examination of the Penis and Prepuce Alternative Ultrasound Modalities Summary References 11 Management of Breeding Bull Batteries Introduction Pre‐Breeding Period Breeding Period Non‐Breeding Period References 12 Management of Bulls at Custom Collection Studs Veterinary Services for the Commercial Bull Stud Common Problems of Bulls at Stud Summary Acknowledgment 13 Testicular Degeneration Introduction Pathogenesis Diagnosis Prognosis Testicular Fibrosis References 14 Vesicular Adenitis References 15 Inability to Breed Due to Injury or Abnormality of the External Genitalia of Bulls Introduction Impact of Impotence Physiology of Erection in the Ruminant Coitus Abnormalities of the Prepuce Abnormalities of the Penis Penile Injury Erection Failure Denervation Injury References 16 Management of Lameness in Breeding Bulls Introduction Getting Back to Basics in a Lameness Examination Facilities for Performing the Lameness Examination Local/Regional Anesthesia Back Injuries Advanced Diagnostics Laminitis Treatment of Solar Injuries Vertical Hoof Cracks Septic Arthritis of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint Corkscrew Claw Interdigital Dermatitis, Digital Dermatitis, and Interdigital Pododermatitis Interdigital Fibroma Distal Limb Proximal Limb Upward Fixation of the Patella Rupture of the Gastrocnemius Osteochondrosis Dissecans Bone Fractures Full Limb Casting Fractures of the Proximal Limb Fracture Recovery Hoof Trimming for Beef Cattle Summary References
13 Reproductive Surgery 17 Regional Anesthesia for Urogenital Procedures Introduction Local Anesthetics Anesthesia for Laparotomy Anesthesia of the Perineum