Summary References 33 Cystic Ovarian Follicles Introduction Terminology Incidence Pathophysiology of COF Formation Clinical Signs Diagnosis Treatment Strategies Associations Summary References 34 Postpartum Anestrus and Its Management in Dairy Cattle Introduction Physiological Basis for Postpartum Anestrus and Resumption of Cyclicity Nutritional Intervention Therapeutic Intervention Summary References 35 Estrus Detection Introduction Physiology of Estrus Signs of Estrus in Cattle Factors Affecting Estrus Expression and Detection Visual Observation as a Method for Estrus Detection Artificial Insemination Based on Estrus Detection Estrus Detection Efficiency Estrus Detection Aids Summary References 36 Artificial Insemination Introduction Semen Tank Management Frozen Semen Storage Tips to Minimize Thermal Injury Semen Thawing Method Semen Handling After Thawing Tips to Prevent Cold Shock in Cold Weather Semen Straw Retrieval, Thawing, and Handling Tips Insemination Timing of Insemination Summary References 37 Pharmacological Intervention of Estrous Cycles Introduction Ovarian Follicular Dynamics Pharmacological Control of New Wave Emergence Controlling the Lifespan of the Corpus Luteum Synchronization of Estrus Synchronization of Ovulation Split‐Time AI Summary References 38 Examination for Pregnancy: Rectal Palpation Introduction Cardinal Signs of Pregnancy Supportive Signs of Pregnancy Misdiagnosis and Differential Diagnoses Determining the Stage of Gestation Risks Associated with Transrectal Palpation Summary References 39 Examination for Pregnancy: Biochemical Tests Introduction Progesterone Concentration Pregnancy‐Associated Glycoproteins Early Pregnancy Factor Interferon‐Stimulated Genes Emerging Research Summary References 40 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Female Reproductive Tract Introduction Pregnancy Diagnosis Normal Uterine and Ovarian Structures Throughout the Estrous Cycle Ovarian Pathology Synchronization Protocols Uterine, Cervical and Vaginal Pathology Embryo Transfer Embryonic
