Liquid Biofuels. Группа авторов

20/108 95.57 [49] Kusum oil Ba(OH)₂ 9:1 3% 323 80 20/250 96.8 [50] Karanja oil Ba(OH)₂ 9:1 5% 303 60 30/100 83.87 [51] Palm oil SrO/Al₂O₃ 9.2:1 1.6% 333 30.2 20/200 80.2 [52] Waste cooking oil Ca-diglyceroxide 9:1 1% 333 30 22/120 93.5 [53] Crude palm oil Fly ash on CaO 12:1 4% 318 30 20/700 97.04 [54] Jatropha oil Na₂SiO₃@Fe₃O₄/C 7:1 5% 328 80 25/36 94.7 [55] Soybean oil KF/γ–Al₂O₃ 12:1 2% 323 40 20/45 95 [56] Waste cooking oil Ba(OH)₂ 6:1 0.75% 333 2 25/200 83.5 [57] Palm oil Ostrich egg – CaO 9:1 8% 333 60 20/120 92.7 [58] Milk thistle oil TiO₂/C₄H₄O₆HK 16:1 5% 333 30 40/250 90.1 [59] Waste cooking oil MgO 5:1 1.5% 328 45 24/200 98.7 [60] Jatropha oil CaO 11:1 5.5% 337 60 35/35 96 [20] Soybean oil CaO 10.1:1 6% 335 60 35/35 90 [61]

Table 2.1(B) Ultrasound-assisted heterogeneously acid catalyzed biodiesel synthesis case studies.

Oil (source)	Catalyst	Reaction	Molar ratio (Methanol to oil)	Catalyst loading (wt% or w/w)	Reaction temperature (K)	Time (min)	Ultrasound frequency/power (kHz/W)	Yield (%)	Reference
Mixed oil feedstock	Sulfonated Carbon	Transesterification	12.8:1	8.18%	336	60	35/35	93.7	[9]
Erythrina mexicana oil	Cobalt (II) 3D MOF	Transesterification	10 mL:1gm	25 mg	333	720	40 kHz	80	[62]
Pistacia khinjuk seed oil	Sulphated tin oxide impregnated with silicon dioxide	Transesterification	13:1	3.5%	338	50	20 kHz	88	[63]
Oleic acid	PTA@MIL–53 (Fe) (hetero–polyacid on Fe(III)–based MOF)	Esterification	16:1	100 mg	333	15	37/50	96	[64]
Sunflower oil	Sono–sulfated zirconia on MCM–41	Transesterification	9:1	5%