How can this endodontic mishap be avoided?
35 25 Nonsurgical versus surgical retreatment 25.1 The evidence 25.2 The operator 25.3 The patient 25.4 Medical history 25.5 Medications 25.6 The tooth: factors to consider 25.7 Quality of restoration and post 25.8 Root canal obturation quality and iatrogenic errors 25.9 Three clinical cases References
36 Index
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Preoperative radiograph showing radiolucency in the furcation are...Figure 1.2 Clinical picture showing the pulpal floor perforation.Figure 1.3 Radiograph showing MTA placed on the pulpal floor.Figure 1.4 Radiograph showing master cone verification after biomechanical p...Figure 1.5 Radiograph showing obturation along with intact MTA.Figure 1.6 Follow‐up radiograph showing healing in the furcation area.
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Preoperative intraoral periapical radiograph with separated instr...Figure 2.2 Intraoral periapical radiograph showing instrument bypass.Figure 2.3 Intraoral periapical radiograph showing periapically extruded sep...Figure 2.4 Intraoral periapical radiograph showing obturation.Figure 2.5 Incision and flap reflection.Figure 2.6 Trephination at the site.Figure 2.7 Intraoral periapical radiograph showing the location of the extru...Figure 2.8 Curettage of the operating site.Figure 2.9 Retrieved instrument.Figure 2.10 Intraoral periapical radiograph showing instrument retrieval.Figure 2.11 Immediate postoperative intraoral periapical radiograph.Figure 2.12 Flap approximation and suturing of the operated site.Figure 2.13 Postoperative intraoral periapical radiograph after 1 month.Figure 2.14 Postoperative intraoral periapical radiograph after 1 year.
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Preoperative clinical picture.Figure 3.2 Preoperative radiograph showing inadequate obturation and fractur...Figure 3.3 Gutta‐percha cones removed from the root canals.Figure 3.4 Bypassing the fractured instrument with a no. 10 manual K‐file an...Figure 3.5 Verifying the fit of master cones up to the full working length o...Figure 3.6 Final obturation radiograph with bypassing of the ledge as well a...Figure 3.7 One‐year follow‐up radiograph with postendodontic full coverage r...
4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Intraoral periapical x‐ray: #34 – inadequately endodontically tre...Figure 4.2 Coronal access through the metal ceramic crown showing a single c...Figure 4.3 Unfilled lateral spaces around the single cone gutta‐percha.Figure 4.4 Gutta‐percha removed to the middle third of the root.Figure 4.5 Gutta‐percha removed to the the apical third of the root.Figure 4.6 After complete removal of gutta‐percha, visualization of the sepa...Figure 4.7 Intraoperative radiograph showing removal of the gutta‐percha and...Figure 4.8 Retrieval of the separated fragment after creating a staging plat...Figure 4.9 Magnified view of the retrieved segment of the rotary file.Figure 4.10 Intraoperative x‐ray confirming complete retrieval of the separa...Figure 4.11 Working length x‐ray confirming the length gained with Tooth 34....Figure 4.12 A second working length radiograph demonstrating the complexity ...Figure 4.13 Postoperative radiograph demonstrating root canal filling materi...Figure 4.14 Follow‐up radiograph at 13 months showing periapical healing.
5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Preoperative radiograph showing furcal perforation, inadequate ob...Figure 5.2 Clinical picture showing removal of the crown, removal of the cot...Figure 5.3 Radiograph showing location of the canals, working length determi...Figure 5.4 Radiograph showing repair of the perforation and obturation of th...Figure 5.5 Four‐month follow‐up radiograph showing healing in the furcation ...Figure 5.6 Clinical picture showing full‐coverage permanent restoration and ...
6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Preoperative radiograph showing suspected strip perforation, inad...Figure 6.2 Clinical picture showing the perforation site after removal of th...Figure 6.3 Clinical picture showing location of the fractured instrument und...Figure 6.4 A loop retractor is used to catch and extract the instrument afte...Figure 6.5 Removal of the fractured instrument.Figure 6.6 Preparation of GP as an apical plug to obturate the part of the r...Figure 6.7 Obturation of the apical part of the canal with GP. This segment ...Figure 6.8 Closure of the strip perforation site with MTA. Obturation of the...Figure 6.9 Immediate postoperative radiograph showing removal of the fractur...Figure 6.10 Two‐year follow‐up radiograph showing complete healing of the pe...
7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Periapical radiograph showing the previously treated tooth with o...Figure 7.2 (a,b) CBCT examination revealed an apical radiolucency as well as...Figure 7.3 Specially designed microexcavator instruments used for removal of...Figure 7.4 (a,b) Use of precurved file to evaluate the lateral anatomy of th...Figure 7.5 (a,b) Attempt to negotiate the lateral anatomy of the root canal....Figure 7.6 (a,b) Obturation of the root canal. Sealer can be seen flowing th...Figure 7.7 (a–e) CBCT images for 3‐year follow‐up confirming the flow of sea...
8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 (a–d) Radiographs showing faulty cast post with a gap between the...Figure 8.2 A lateral opening drilled in the coronal one‐third of the crown....Figure 8.3 Exposed cast post after lifting of the crown.Figure 8.4 (a,b) Demonstrating the use of WAM X forceps for decementing the ...Figure 8.5 Disinfection procedure being carried out and the removal of gutta...Figure 8.6 Sectional obturation of the apical part is complete and the prepa...Figure 8.7 Radiograph confirming the sectional obturation along with post sp...Figure 8.8 Recall radiograph confirming healing of the lateral lesion follow...
9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 (a,b) Clinical pictures showing tracking of the sinus tract with ...Figure 9.2 Preoperative radiograph revealing previously treated mandibular c...Figure 9.3 Periapical radiograph revealing obturation of the anterior teeth....Figure 9.4 (a,b) Clinical pictures showing healing of the buccal sinus tract...Figure 9.5 Periapical radiograph showing healing of the interdental radioluc...
10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Preoperative radiograph showing silver cone obturation and fract...Figure 10.2