and cement ...Figure 10.3 Precurving the endodontic file with an endo‐bender.Figure 10.4 ET 25 ultrasonic tips used to loosen and remove the fractured in...Figure 10.5 Periapical radiograph showing obturation and post space preparat...Figure 10.6 Periapical radiograph showing healing of the periapical lesion 2...Figure 10.7 CBCT showing healing of the periapical lesion 2 years after the ...
11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 (a) Clinical picture showing Tooth 16. (b) Periapical radiograph...Figure 11.2 CBCT imaging reveals presence of periapical radiolucency along t...Figure 11.3 (a) CBCT used for measurements on the occlusal surface. (b) Meas...Figure 11.4 Based on CBCT measurements on the occlusal surface, the estimate...Figure 11.5 Drilling depth marked with a stopper on the bur. Rubber dam remo...Figure 11.6 Guided access prepared without rubber dam. Previously obturated ...Figure 11.7 Missed MB2 discovered. 10 K file used to check canal patency. Le...Figure 11.8 (a) MB1 and MB2 shaped and cleaned with rotary endodontic files ...Figure 11.9 (a) Verification of master GP on the radiograph. (b) Immediate p...Figure 11.10 Follow‐up after 1 year showing complete healing of the periradi...
12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Various endodontic mishaps that can occur with freehand access p...Figure 12.2 How calcification can create a challenge during endodontic treat...Figure 12.3 Different ways of improving the accuracy of endodontic access pr...Figure 12.4 The steps of working with a 3D printed tooth replica.Figure 12.5 Comparison of the accuracy of guided implant placement with guid...Figure 12.6 Common lack of interocclusal distance to accommodate the additio...Figure 12.7 Demonstrating orifice directed access preparation.Figure 12.8 Demonstrating the marked pericervical dentine that can be preser...Figure 12.9 Different types of long shank small‐headed burs recommended to b...Figure 12.10 Periapical radiograph showing inadequate obturation in Tooth 11...Figure 12.11 DICOM files from CBCT and STL files from scanning were extracte...Figure 12.12 Searching and marking of identical points.Figure 12.13 After segmentation and alignment of the information (DICOM and ...Figure 12.14 Placement of virtual burs and sleeve for final template designi...Figure 12.15 Placement of virtual bur a bit palatally since orifice projecti...Figure 12.16 The placement and stabilization of the guide in vivo.Figure 12.17 Marking of the access entry point with a narrow bur on the rest...Figure 12.18 Once the marking was done, the hole was drilled freehand.Figure 12.19 After replacing the guide, the stability of the guide bur was c...Figure 12.20 After replacing the guide, the stability of the guide bur was c...Figure 12.21 Access created with the guide bur, used with the sleeve. Root c...Figure 12.22 Estimation of working length with an electronic apex locator.Figure 12.23 Negative pressure irrigation performed throughout the procedure...Figure 12.24 Obturation done with tricalcium silicate sealer and gutta‐perch...Figure 12.25 Reinforcement with glass fiber post.Figure 12.26 Core build‐up with resin composite.Figure 12.27 (a–f) Periapical radiographs showing verification of the steps ...
13 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Preoperative radiograph showing Tooth 36 with suspected furcatio...Figure 13.2 Perforation site after removal of the crown and previous amalgam...Figure 13.3 Cleaning of the endodontic access cavity in progress for better ...Figure 13.4 The perforation after being cleaned and disinfected.Figure 13.5 Access to the canals gained, cleaning and shaping of the root ca...Figure 13.6 Perforation along with cleaned and shaped root canals. Irrigant ...Figure 13.7 Cleaned and shaped canals. Dry and prepared perforation for rece...Figure 13.8 Blockage of canal orifices with Teflon so that MTA does not ente...Figure 13.9 Placement of MTA over the perforation and removal of Teflon from...Figure 13.10 Obturation of the root canals along with placement of MTA over ...Figure 13.11 Immediate postoperative radiograph showing complete root canal ...Figure 13.12 One‐year recall showing healing of the furcation area and the m...
14 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Periapical radiograph showing a previously treated tooth with an...Figure 14.2 Isolation and removal of secondary caries and location of older ...Figure 14.3 Pre‐endodontic wall build‐up done before starting the retreatmen...Figure 14.4 Location of suspected extra canals traced and the need for exten...Figure 14.5 The missed mesiobuccal canal located by minimally extending the ...Figure 14.6 Disinfection process with the irrigant in action in the missed m...Figure 14.7 The final enlarged missed mesiobuccal canal up to 40/04.Figure 14.8 Immediate postoperative radiograph verifying the obturation of t...Figure 14.9 Six‐month recall and 1‐year recall radiographs showing complete ...
15 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Periapical radiograph showing the previously treated tooth with ...Figure 15.2 Isolation and removal of the temporary restoration done to gain ...Figure 15.3 Presence of the fractured instrument seen under the dental opera...Figure 15.4 Removal of the loose fractured instrument from the distal canal ...Figure 15.5 Clinical picture showing use of 08 K‐file to check canal patency...Figure 15.6 Periapical radiograph to confirm canal patency as well as workin...Figure 15.7 Disinfection process with the irrigant in action and exploration...Figure 15.8 The final obturation verified on the radiograph.
16 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Periapical radiograph showing an instrument fracture in Tooth 47...Figure 16.2 Removal of temporary restoration and first look at the access ca...Figure 16.3 Checking the canal patency in MB and distal canals and also taki...Figure 16.4 Verification of working length. The patient had closed her mouth...Figure 16.5 Clinical picture showing the fractured instrument in the mesioli...Figure 16.6 Enlargement of the coronal part of the canal to gain clear acces...Figure 16.7 Engagement of the fractured instrument head with the loop from t...Figure 16.8 Final cleaning and shaping of the three canals. Exploration of t...Figure 16.9 Placement of gutta‐perchas inside the canal to check the master ...Figure 16.10 Radiographic verification of the master cones up to the working...Figure 16.11 Final obturation with gutta‐perchas.Figure 16.12 Radiographic verification of obturation.Figure 16.13 Six‐month recall.
17 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Preoperative clinical picture showing cracked temporary restorat...Figure 17.2 Preoperative radiograph showing MO temporary restoration and the...Figure 17.3 Removal of temporary restoration, access to previous endodontic ...Figure 17.4 The head of the fractured instrument is clearly visible after co...Figure 17.5 Removal of the fractured instrument in progress along with conti...Figure 17.6 Removal of the fractured instrument with a BTR loop.Figure 17.7 Radiographic verification of the removal of the fractured instru...Figure 17.8 Final obturation of the mandibular molar after removal of the fr...
18 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 Periapical radiograph inadequate root canal treatment in Tooth 1...Figure 18.2 Tooth 15 with all‐ceramic crown before starting the retreatment ...Figure 18.3 Endodontic access cavity made through the ceramic crown. Older g...Figure 18.4 Removal of gutta‐perchas with XP‐endo Shaper files from FKG.Figure 18.5 Periapical radiograph verifying the working length.Figure 18.6 Periapical radiograph verifying the master cones for obturation....Figure 18.7 Obturation of both the canals and the pulp chamber free of any g...Figure 18.8 Periapical radiograph to verify the obturation.Figure 18.8 Six‐month recall radiograph showing intact crown, obturation and...
19 Chapter 19Figure 19.1 Periapical radiograph showing inadequate root canal treatment in...Figure 19.2 First look at the endodontic access cavity in Tooth 16. Intracan...Figure 19.3 Mesiobuccal, distobuccal and palatal canals successfully located...Figure 19.4 MB2 canal located with the help of endodontic ultrasonic tips.Figure 19.5 Periapical radiograph verifying the working length.Figure 19.6 All the canals prepared up to 25/04 size with HyFlex files.Figure 19.7 Periapical radiograph verifying location of master cones in all ...Figure 19.8 All the canals obturated with gutta‐percha and sealer. The pulp ...Figure 19.9 Immediate postoperative radiograph showing obturation of all the...
20 Chapter 20Figure 20.1 Periapical radiograph showing previously treated Tooth 46 with a...Figure 20.2 Rubber dam isolation of the tooth.Figure 20.3 Previous gutta‐percha located and endodontic access cavity asses...Figure 20.4 Removal of previous obturating material with endodontic retreatm...Figure 20.5 Clinical picture showing the distal canals and the pulpal floor ...Figure 20.6 Extra canal orifice suspected next to previous distal canal orif...Figure 20.7 Suspected extra canal orifice negotiated and an extra canal loca...Figure 20.8 The periapical radiograph verifying the complete removal of gutt...Figure 20.9 The immediate postoperative periapical radiograph verifying the ...Figure 20.10 The 6‐month recall periapical radiograph verifying the intact o...
21 Chapter 21Figure 21.1 Periapical radiograph showing inadequate root canal treatment in...Figure 21.2 Rubber dam isolation of Tooth 46. Occlusal surface with resin co...Figure 21.3 (a,b) Removal of the resin composite