7Figure 7.1 Anaerobic transport medium for sample collection (top). Sterile g...Figure 7.2 (a) Deep periodontal pocket in the left mandibular molar area of ...Figure 7.3 Odontogenic abscess in a cat: (a) deep periodontal pocket (circle...Figure 7.4 Antimicrobial prophylaxis for routine descaling is the most commo...Figure 7.5 Cultured bacteria from a periodontal abscess with antibiotic susc...Figure 7.6 Presence of dental plaque demonstrated with the use of (a) ultrav...Figure 7.7 Antiseptics used in veterinary dentistry: (a) Vet aquadent, conta...Figure 7.8 Personal protective equipment: gown, gloves, mask, and eye protec...Figure 7.9 Conjunctivitis as a result of wearing contact lenses during a den...Figure 7.10 Skin wound caused by lack of protection of sharp working tips.Figure 7.11 Autoclaved instruments are a necessary condition for performing ...
8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 (a, b) One week before these images were taken, this seven‐year‐o...
9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Oronasal fistula (ONF) signalments: nasal discharge.Figure 9.2 ONF presence: visible nasal structures.Figure 9.3 ONF diagnosis with the use of a periodontal probe.Figure 9.4 Picture during ONF repair: nasal cavity filled with debris.Figure 9.5 Perio‐endo lesions in 109. Note the furcation involvement in 109 ...Figure 9.6 Deep vertical bone loss in the distal root of 409: (a) clinical a...Figure 9.7 Distal root of mandibular firts molar is very common site for cla...Figure 9.8 (a) Clinical appearance of the Carnassial abscess. (b) Periapical...Figure 9.9 (a) Intraoral dental sinus drainage (parulis). (b) Infection of 2...Figure 9.10 Incidentally revealed pathology: Right mandibular teeth : 407, 4...Figure 9.11 Pathologic mandibular fracture as a sequela of 304 pulp necrosis...Figure 9.12 Relation of bone/tooth in (a) small‐ and (b) large‐breed dogs.Figure 9.13 Infection at the area of fracture requires extraction of the dis...Figure 9.14 Damaged area of bone surrounding a fracture due to an unsuccessf...Figure 9.15 Proximity of maxillary teeth roots and their apices (arrows) and...Figure 9.16 In brachycephalic cats, the apex of the canine tooth is very clo...Figure 9.17 Chronic irritation of the oral mucosa in plaque‐associated conta...Figure 9.18 Radiographic appearance of osteomyelitis in the rostal mandible ...Figure 9.19 Debridement of the necrotic part of a bone affected by osteomyel...Figure 9.20 CBCT appearance of osteomyelitis resembling cancer.Figure 9.21 Tooth resorption of a canine tooth as a possible origin of osteo...Figure 9.22 Periodontal disease revealed (a) clinically and (b) radiographic...
10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Gingival hyperplasia in a Dogue de Bordeaux.Figure 10.2 Supernumerary teeth in a Russian blue cat.Figure 10.3 Persistent deciduous left maxillary canine tooth (604) in a York...Figure 10.4 Dentigerous cyst (DTC) in the area of (a) 405/406, and (b) 305/3...Figure 10.5 Results of genetic test for craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO). (...
11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 A maladaptive process is established in chronic conditions such ...Figure 11.2 Periodontal disease is common in small‐animal practice. It cause...Figure 11.3 A cat with suspected feline orofacial pain syndrome. Clinical si...Figure 11.4 Oral cancer can be a significant source of severe pain. It may p...Figure 11.5 Application of an algometer to the lateral aspect of the maxilla...Figure 11.6 Changes in facial expressions can be great indicators of pain in...Figure 11.7 (a) Cat following recovery from anesthesia. It is located in an ...Figure 11.8 Cat salivating profusely after the oral administration of tramad...Figure 11.9 Several oral treatments (e.g., tramadol, gabapentin, amitriptyli...Figure 11.10 Oral transmucosal administration of buprenorphine in cat provid...Figure 11.11 In this example, blood was aspirated and the injection of the l...Figure 11.12 Inferior alveolar nerve block in a dog.Figure 11.13 Infraorbital nerve block in a dog.Figure 11.14 Infraorbital nerve block in a cat.Figure 11.15 Bleeding observed after positioning the needle to perform an in...Figure 11.16 An intraoral approach for the maxillary nerve block in a cat. T...
12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Patients prepared for dental procedures should be comfortable an...Figure 12.2 Patients should be calmed in a quiet environment, if possible wh...Figure 12.3 Preoxygenation of the patient.Figure 12.4 Straight silicone endotracheal tubes during intubation procedure...Figure 12.5 Lubrication of an endotracheal tube.Figure 12.6 Noninvasive blood pressure measurement.Figure 12.7 (a) ECG waveform on an anesthetic monitor displaying second‐degr...Figure 12.8 (a) Mainstream Capnography sensor. (b) Normal capnograph wavefor...Figure 12.9 Pulsoximetry sensors on (a) tongue and (b) pawsFigure 12.10 Temperature maintenance: forced hot‐air blanket on top of a hot...Figure 12.11 Recovery environment.
13 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Aggressive cats should be sedated by intramuscular injection.Figure 13.2 Patients with BOAS need special treatment and care.Figure 13.3 The trachea of brachycepalic dogs is smaller in diameter than th...Figure 13.4 Brachycephalic patients must always be very carefully supervised...
14 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 CT picture of the orbital area in a cat. Root apices are divided...Figure 14.2 Nine‐year‐old dog with (a) chronic epiphora and conjunctivitis a...Figure 14.3 Exophthalmos can be associated with multiple oral pathologies: (...Figure 14.4 Two‐year‐old female spayed Weimaraner with acute left orbital ce...Figure 14.5 Young pug with severe left orbital cellulitis, exophthalmos, exp...Figure 14.6 Aged terrier mix with (a) acute‐onset painful fluctuant swelling...Figure 14.7 Three‐year‐old basset hound with marked ventral chemosis and nic...Figure 14.8 The nasolacrimal duct passes next to the apex of the left maxill...Figure 14.9 Two‐year‐old Chihuahua with a non‐painful fluctuant swelling ven...Figure 14.10 Twelve‐year‐old cat with (a) right side exophthalmos and perioc...Figure 14.11 (a) High‐rise syndrome in a cat, with hyphema OD, periocular he...Figure 14.12 (a) Maxillofacial fractures due to vehicular trauma. (b) Severe...Figure 14.13 Cat with (a) Horner's syndrome secondary to (b) traumatic palat...Figure 14.14 Eight‐year‐old female spayed shih‐tzu with deep stromal corneal...Figure 14.15 During dental procedures, it is necessary to repeat ocular lubr...Figure 14.16 Panophthalmitis OD (right eye) in a cat after inadvertent globe...
15 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Spaying at age six to eight months can be a convenient opportuni...Figure 15.2 Teeth descaling (a) and dental extractions (b) are both associat...Figure 15.3 This patient, a 9‐year‐old Yorkshire terrier underwent castracti...
16 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Oral and maxillofacial assessment in young individuals should be...Figure 16.2 Cleft palate in (a) kitten and (b) puppy.Figure 16.3 Hydrocephalus associated with malocclusion: (a) clinical picture...Figure 16.4 Aglossia in a kitten. This problem is lethal.Figure 16.5 Radiographic appearance of CMO in a dog on extraoral dorsoventra...Figure 16.6 Treatment of CMO can be successful and the condition of the bone...Figure 16.7 Ankyloglossia affects drinking and panting, limiting life comfor...Figure 16.8 Clinical signalments of TMJ dysplasia can be diagnosed during oc...Figure 16.9 Ulceration of the lingual mucosa, frequently associated with FCV...Figure 16.10 Oral lesions in a cat suffering from a mixed infection of FIV a...Figure 16.11 Oral papillomatosis in a puppy.Figure 16.12 Generalized amelogenesis imperfecta in Akita Inu.Figure 16.13 Chlamydia infection in cats causes (a) drooling nasal discharge...Figure 16.14 Cryptococcus infection: (a) oral lesion; (b) microscopic slide ...Figure 16.15 Biopsy of a lower‐lip lesion, revealed the typical histopatholo...Figure 16.16 Seizures and muscle tension are part of the clinical picture of...Figure 16.17 Oral lesions caused by Leischmania spp.Figure 16.18 Pemphigus foliaceus lesion present on the lips of a cocker span...Figure 16.19 Pemphigoid oral lesionFigure 16.20 Juvenile facial dermatitis in a puppy.Figure 16.21 Punch test in a Doberman pinscher to observe mucosal bleeding t...Figure 16.22 Osteopenia juvenalis in a kitten with malnutrition: (a) lack of...Figure 16.23 Hyperparathyroidismus associated with renal insufficiency causi...Figure 16.24 Hyperparathyroidismus associated with a geriatric parathyroid t...Figure 16.25 Hyperostosis of the rostral mandible, mimicking acromegaly.Figure 16.26 Uremic ulcerations and mucositis in a cat with chronic renal in...Figure 16.27 Chemical burn of the oral mucosa caused by caustic soda: (a) im...Figure 16.28 (a) Lingual mucosa damage and (b) multiple teeth fractures in a...Figure 16.29 Mucosal proliferation in a Japanese chin of unknown origin trea...
17 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Monitoring until completely awake is crucial for safety.Figure 17.2 (a) A mandibular right first molar (409) which is clinically unr...Figure 17.3 Dental charting is a mandatory part of oral examination. It shou...Figure 17.4 Mandibular tumor (melanoma malignum) in (a) clinical, (b) radiog...Figure 17.5 Transillumination of (a) the vital tooth is different than that ...Figure 17.6 Calculus on the palatal aspect of the teeth is often missed duri...Figure 17.7 Retained root tips and roots that require action after poorly pe...Figure