produced abiotically on indirect electron transfer is also discussed [181].
Siegert et al. propose that methane production is performed via direct electron transfer from the electrode to the microorganisms, which produce methane by using the electrical current [172]. The authors investigated the stoichiometry 4:1 of H2:CH4, where hydrogen production was considered abiotic and the methane as a biological production. The formed methane could be explained by hydrogen formation on Pt, but the production on other materials did not correspond to the amount of methane harvested. Hydrogen produced abiotically was insufficient for the amount of methane measured. Since hydrogen produced in absence of a metallic catalyst was insufficient for the methane harvested, a direct electron transfer very likely controlled the process.
Coulombic efficiencies higher than 100% have been reported for processes using biocathodes; this suggests a corrosion process is also present. Corrosion may be an issue to overcome when using microbial biocathodes since it is known that Archea group have a significant effect on metallic materials. Previous research focused on microbial-influenced corrosion by methanogens [182]. Therefore, alternative semiconductor minerals like magnetite have been proposed as cathode material; moreover, magnetite promotes interspecies electron transfer [183].
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