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A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire, 2 Volume Set


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href="#u28abcba6-ace4-57c3-abae-3bbf7bce5319">Chapter 3 Peoples and Languages).

      The reconstruction is complex and entails many crucial assumptions impossible to discuss here (different interpretation: Vallat 1997); even Tavernier points out that only for a minority of the tablets this process could be envisaged, while according to the common procedure most likely the translation was directly from OP into Elamite.

      Summing up, while on many details our vision of the Achaemenid multilingualism is much more advanced than in previous generations of scholars, the overall framework still eludes us.

      1 Diakonoff, I.M. (1970). The origin of the ‘Old Persian’ writing system and the ancient oriental epigraphic and annalistic traditions. In W.B. Henning, M. Boyce, and I. Gershevitch (eds.), W.B. Henning Memorial Volume (Asia Major Library). London: Lund Humphries, pp. 98–124.

      2 Folmer, M.L. (1995). The Aramaic Language in the Achaemenid Period. Leuven: Peeters.

      3 Garrison, M.K., Root, M.C. (2001). Seals on the Persepolis Fortification Tablets Vol. I. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.

      4 Gershevitch, I. (1979). The alloglottography of Old Persian. Transactions of the Philological Society, 77, pp. 114–190.

      5  Grantovskij, Ė.A. (1998). Iran i Irancy do Axemenidov. Moskva: Vostočnaja literatura.

      6 Henkelman, W.F.M. (2011). Cyrus the Persian and Darius the Elamite, a case of mistaken identity: the Persian dynasty of the Teispids revisited. In R. Rollinger, B. Truschnegg, and R. Bichler (eds.), Herodot und das Persische Weltreich – Herodotus and the Persian Empire (Classica et Orientalia 3). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 577–634.

      7 Kellens, J. (2002). L’idéologie religieuse des inscriptions achéménides. Journal Asiatique, 290, pp. 417–464.

      8 Lecoq, P. (1974). La langue des inscriptions achéménides. Acta Iranica: Commémoration Cyrus 2: Hommage Universel, pp. 55–62.

      9 Lecoq, P. (1997). Les inscriptions de la Perse achéménide. Paris: Gallimard.

      10 Mayrhofer, M. (2006). Einiges zu den Skythen, ihrer Sprache, ihrem Nachleben. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.

      11 Nylander, C. (1967). Who wrote the inscriptions at Pasargadae? Orientalia Suecana, 16, pp. 135–180.

      12 Rossi, A.V. (1981). La varietà linguistica nell’Iran achemenide. Annali dell’Istituto universitario orientale di Napoli: Dipartimento di studi del mondo classico e del Mediterraneo antico, 3, pp. 141–196.

      13 Rossi, A.V. (2006). Ilya Gershevitch, Old Persian and Western Iranian dialectology. In A. Panaino (ed.), The Scholarly Contribution of Ilya Gershevitch to the Development of Iranian Studies. Milano: Mimesis, pp. 69–84.

      14 Rossi, A.V. (2010). Elusive identities in pre‐Achaemenid Iran: the Medes and the Median language. In C. Cereti (ed.), Iranian Identity in the Course of History (Orientalia Romana 9). Roma: Instituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente, pp. 289–330.

      15 Rossi, A.V. (2017a). Ten years of Achaemenid philology: Old Persian & Achaemenid Elamite 2006–2016. In E. Morano, E. Provasi, and A.V. Rossi (eds.), Studia philologica Iranica: Gherardo Gnoli memorial volume (Serie Orientalia Roma N.S. 5). Roma: Scienze e Lettere, pp. 359–394.

      16 Rossi, A.V. (2017b). « … how Median the Medes were »? État d’une question longuement débattue. In W.F.M. Henkelman, C. Redard (eds.), Persian Religion in the Achaemenid Period/La religion perse à l’époque achéménide (Classica et Orientalia 16). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 461–496.

      17 Rossi, A.V. (2020). Once again on DB/AE L and DB/OP iv 89–92. In R. Schmitt, A.V. Rossi, A.C.D. Panaino, et al. (eds.), Achaimenidika 1. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, pp. 31–54.

      18 Rubio, G. (2006). Writing in another tongue: alloglottography in the Ancient Near East. In S.L. Sanders (ed.), Margins of Writings, Margins of Cultures. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, pp. 33–66 (Postscript December 2007, pp. 67–70).

      19 Sancisi‐Weerdenburg, H. (1999). The Persian king and history. In C. Shuttleworth‐Krauss (ed.), The Limits of Historiography: Genre and Narrative in Ancient Historical Texts. Leiden: Brill, pp. 91–112.

      20 Schaeder, H.H. (1930). Iranische Beiträge I. Schriften der Königsberger Gelehrten Gesellschaft, 6 (5), pp. 199–297.

      21  Schmitt, R. (1993). Die Sprachverhältnisse im Achaimenidenreich. In R.B. Finazzi and P. Tornaghi (eds.), Lingue e culture in contatto nel mondo antico e altomedievale: atti dell’VIII Convegno Internazionale di linguisti tenuto a Milano nei giorni 10–12 settembre 1992. Brescia: Paideia Editrice, pp. 77–102.

      22 Schmitt, R. (2003). Die Sprache der Meder: Eine grosse Unbekannte. In G.B. Lanfranchi, M. Roaf, and R. Rollinger (eds.), Continuity of Empire (?): Assyria, Media, Persia (History of the Ancient Near East / Monographs 5). Padova: S.A.R.G.O.N. Editrice e Libreria, pp. 23–36.

      23 Schmitt, R. (2007). Pseudo‐altpersische Inschriften. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.

      24 Shaked, S. (2003). Between Iranian and Aramaic: Iranian words concerning food in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic, with some notes on the Aramaic heterograms in Iranian. In S. Shaked, A. Netzer (eds.), Irano‐Judaica 5. Jerusalem: Ben‐Zvi Institute, pp. 120–137.

      25 Stolper, M.W., Tavernier, J. (2007). An Old Persian administrative tablet from the Persepolis fortification. ARTA 2007.001, pp. 1–28.

      26 Tavernier, J. (2008). Multilingualism in the fortification and treasury archives. In P. Briant, W.F.M. Henkelman, and M.W. Stolper (eds.), L’archive des Fortifications de Persépolis: état des questions et perspectives de recherches (Persika 12). Paris: de Boccard, pp. 59–86.

      27 Vallat, F. (1997) L’utilisation des sceaux‐cylindres dans l’archivage des lettres de Persépolis. Lettres orientales, 10, pp. 171–174.

      28 Vallat, F. (2011). Darius, l’héritier légitime, et les premières Achéménides. In J. Álvarez‐Mon, M.B. Garrison (eds.), Elam and Persia. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, pp. 263–284.

      29 Weissbach, F.H. (1911). Die Keilinschriften der Achämeniden. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrich.

      1 Basello, G.P. (2011). Elamite as administrative language: from Susa to Persepolis. In J. Álvarez‐Mon, M.B. Garrison (eds.), Elam and Persia. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, pp. 61–88. Explores areas of continuity that exist between the Elamite tablets from Susa and those from Persepolis through an examination of administrative formulae.

      2 Henkelman, W.F.M. (2008). The Other Gods Who Are: Studies in Elamite‐Iranian Acculturation Based on the Persepolis Fortification Texts (Achaemenid History 14). Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten. Presents four case studies in Elamite‐Iranian acculturation, specifically in the realm of religion, on the basis of the Persepolis Fortification Archive. A long introduction into the Persepolis Fortification Archive completes the volume.

      3 Lecoq, P. (1974). Le problème de l’écriture cunéiforme vieux‐perse. Acta Iranica, 3, pp. 25–107. Exhaustive treatment of all problems of the OP script.

      4 Malbran‐Labat, F. (1994). La version akkadienne de l’inscription trilingue de Darius à Behistun. Roma: Gruppo editoriale internazionale. The most recent overall analysis of the Babylonian version of Bisotun inscriptions.

      5  Rossi, A.V. (2005). La scrittura antico‐persiana e la scrittura elamico‐achemenide. In M. Bernardini, N. Tornesello (eds.), Scritti in onore di Giovanni D’Erme: Saggi di colleghi e amici in occasione del suo compleanno. Napoli: Università L’Orientale, pp. 859–876. Reviews the technical affinities between the two graphical systems.

      6 Rossi, A.V. (2008). Antico‐iranico ed elamico achemenide: 1979–2009. Annali dell’Istituto universitario orientale di Napoli, Dipartimento