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1 * Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]
2
Microalgal Bioremediation of Toxic Hexavalent Chromium: A Review
Pritikrishna Majhi 1, Satyabrata Nayak2 and Saubhagya Manjari Samantaray1*
1Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Science & Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
2Silviculture Division, Rayagada, Odisha, India
Abstract
Chromium is the seventh most abundant metal in earth crust which is used in leather tanning, electroplating, pigment manufacturing, dying and production of stainless steel, refractory, ceramics, chemicals, electrode, alloy production, and wood preservation. Increased soil run off from the mining area and dumping of industrial waste increases the chromium concentration of the soil. Among the different oxidative states, Cr(III) and Cr(VI) are very stable and commonly found in nature. Consequently, hexavalent chromium at a high concentration is toxic for the plant, animal, human, as well as microbes. The microalgae would be an option for the removal and detoxification of Cr from chromium-rich soil. Chemical methods used for Cr removal from soil are quite costly with severe side effects for which this review emphasizes on the methods of biological reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) using microalgae.
Keywords: Microalgae, Cr(VI), bioremediation, chromium toxicity, mechanism
2.1 Introduction
Chromium is a silver-gray colored, lustrous, hard, and brittle metal. N.