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Non-halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook


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BCC Conf. Recent Advances in Flame Retardancy Polymeric Materials, Stamfort, CT, May 1991.

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      134. J.G. Chen, X.W. Yan, B. Li, L. Lu, W. Ma, H.L. Huang, H.D. Gao, Halogen free, flame retardant compositions, US Patent 8920929, assigned to Dow, December 30, 2014.

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      141. Xiao, X., Hu, S., Zhai, J., Chen, T., Mai, Y., Thermal properties and combustion behaviors of flame-retarded glass fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 with piperazine pyrophosphate and aluminum hypophosphite, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 125, 175, 2016.

      142. D.H. Lee, S.W. Lee, S.-B. Kim, C.-G. Kim, S.-D. Ahn, J.-I. Ahn, Flame-retardant polyolefin resin containing piperazine-based metal salt blend, US Patent 9221961, assigned to Doobon, December 29, 2015.

      143. J. Engelmann and D.Warting, Halogen-free flameproof polyester, European Patent 1423460, assigned to BASF, April 27, 2005.

      144. T. Eckel, V. Taschner, D. Wittmann, E. Wenz, Flame-proof impact resistant-modified polycarbonate compositions, European Patent 2225317, assigned to Bayer, February 27, 2013.

      145. A. Feldermann and B. Krauter, Flame retardant polyalkylene terphthalate/polycarbonate compositions, US Patent 8779039, assigned to Bayer, July 15, 2014.

      146. S. Costanzi and M. Leonardi, Polyester compositions flame retarded with halogen-free additives, US Patent 7700680, assigned to Italmatch, April 20, 2010.

      147. M. Roth, K. Uske, U. Wolf, Long-fiber-reinforced flame-retardant polyesters, US Patent 8962717, assigned to BASF, February 24, 2015.

      148. Yang, W., Song, L., Hu, Y., Lu, H., Yuen, R.K.K., Investigations of thermal degradation behavior and fire performance of halogen-free flame retardant poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) composites, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 122, 1480, 2011.

      149. Yanga, W., Song, L., Hu, Y., Lu, H., Yuen, R.K.K., Enhancement of fire retardancy performance of glass-fibre reinforced poly(ethylene terephthalate) composites with the incorporation of aluminum hypophosphite and melamine cyanurate, Compos.: Part B., 42, 1057, 2011.

      150. Tang, G., Wang, X., Xing, W., Zhang, P., Wang, B., Hong, N., Yang, W., Hu, Y., Song, L., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 51, 12009, 2012.

      151. Chen, L., Luo, Y., Hu, Z., Lin, G.-P., Zhao, B., Wang, Y.-Z., An efficient halogen-free flame retardant for glass-fibre-reinforced poly(butylene terephthalate), Polym. Degrad. Stab., 97, 158, 2012.

      153. Ge, H., Tang, G., Hu, W.-Z., Wang, B.-B., Pan, Y., Song, L., Hu, Y., Aluminum hypophosphite microencapsulated to improve its safety and application to flame retardant polyamide 6, Haz. J. Mater., ID 294186, 2015.

      154. F. de Campo, A. Murillo, J. Li, T. Zhang, Process for stabilizing hypophosphites, US Patent 8940820, assigned to Rhodia, January 27, 2015.

      155. Atabek, L.S. and Dogan, M., Flame retardant effect of zinc borate in polyamide 6 containing aluminum hypophosphite, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 165, 101, 2019.

      156. Atabek, L.S., Tayfun, U., Hancer, M., Dogan, M., The flame-retardant effect of calcium hypophosphite in various thermoplastic polymers, Fire Mater., 43, 294, 2019.

      157. M. Roth, Flame retardant compositions comprising sterically hindered amines, US Patent 8349923, assigned to BASF, January 8, 2013.

      158. S. Costanzi, Flame retardant polymer compositions, US Patent 7619022, assigned to Italmatch, November 17, 2009.

      159. Xu, M.-J., Wang, J., Ding, Y.-H., Li, B., Synergistic effects of aluminum hypophosphite on intumescent flame retardant polypropylene system, Chinese J. Polym. Sci., 33, 318, 2015.

      160. Zhu, P., Xu, M., Li, S., Zhang, Z., Li, B., Preparation and Investigation of efficient flame retardant TPE composites with piperazine pyrophosphate/aluminum diethylphosphinate system J. Appl. Polym. Sci., ID 47711, 2020.

      161. Xiao, X., Hu, S., Zhai, J., Chen, T., Mai, Y., Thermal properties and combustion behaviors of flame-retarded glass fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 with piperazine pyrophosphate and aluminum hypophosphite, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 125, 175, 2016.

      162. Y. Ni, Flame-retardant copolyetherester composition and articles comprising the same, PCT Patent Application WO 2013/085724, to Du Pont, June 13, 2013.

      163. U. Zucchelli and M. Rosichelli, Environmental friendly flame retardant moulding compositions based on thermoplastic impact modified styrenic polymers, US Patent 10119019, assigned to Italmatch, November 6, 2018.

      164. F. de Campo, A. Murillo, J. Li, T. Zhang, Flame retardant polymer compositions comprising stabilized hypophosphite salts, PCT Patent Application WO 2012/113145, assigned to Rhodia, August 30, 2012.

      165. Y. Hirschsohn and E. Eden, Flame-retarded styrene-containing formulations, PCT Patent Application WO 2018/178985, assigned to Bromine