Compounds, October 4, 2018.
166. Y. Hirschsohn, E. Eden, Y. Epstein Assor, S. Dichter, Flame-retarded polyester compositions, PCT Patent Application WO 2018/073818, assigned to Bromine Compounds, April 26, 2018.
167. S.R. Sandler, Polyester resins flame retarded by poly(metal phosphinate)s, US Patent 4180495, assigned to Pennwalt, December 25, 1979.
168. W. Herwig, H.-J. Kleiner, H.-D. Sabel, Flame-retarding agents and their use in the preparation of fire-proof thermoplastic polymers, European Patent Application 0006568, assigned to Hoechst, January 9, 1980.
169. H.-J. Kleiner and W. Budzinsky, Flameproofed polyester molding composition, US Patent 5780534, assigned to Ticona, July 14, 1998.
170. H.-J. Kleiner, W. Budzinsky, G. Kirsch, Low-flammability polyamide molding materials, US Patent 5773556, assigned to Ticona, June 30, 1998.
171. N. Weferling, H.-P. Schmitz, G. Kolbe, Process for the alkylation of phosphorus-containing compounds, US Patent 6248921, assigned to Clariant, June 19, 2001.
172. E. Jenewein, H.-J. Kleiner, W. Wanzke, W. Budzinsky, Synergistic flame protection agent combination for thermoplastic polymers, US Patent 6365071, assigned to Clariant, April 2, 2002.
173. E. Schlosser, B. Nass, W. Wanzke, Flame-retardant combination, US Patent 6255371, assigned to Clariant, July 3, 2001.
174. Dietz, M., Hoerold, S., Nass, B., Schacker, O., Schmitt, E., Wanzke, W., New environmentally friendly phosphorus based flame retardants for printed circuit boards as well as polyamides and polyesters in E&E applications, in: Proc. Conf. Electronics Goes Green, pp. 771–776, Berlin, September 2004.
175. Hoerold, S., Safety for thermoplastics, Specialty Chem. Magazine, p. 28, November 2008.
176. Naik, A.D., Fontaine, G., Samyn, F., Delva, X., Bourgeois, Y., Bourbigot, S., Melamine integrated metal phosphates as non-halogenated flame retardants: synergism with aluminium phosphinate for flame retardancy in glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 98, 2653, 2013.
177. W. Krause, H. Bauer, M. Sicken, S. Hoerold, W. Wanzke, Schlosser, Flame retardant-stabilizer combination for thermoplastic polymers, European Patent 2625220, assigned to Clariant, November 9, 2016.
178. Oyama, R., Shimomichi, H., Yamanaka, T., Development of aluminum phosphite and Its application, Phos. Res. Bull., 32, 10, 2016.
179. Y. Saga and W.W., Zhang, Flame resistant semiaromatic polyamide resin composition and articles therefrom, European Patent 2414446, assigned to DuPont, February 13, 2013.
180. Tomiak, F., Schartel, B., Wolf, M., Drummer, D., Particle size related effects of multi-component flame-retardant systems in poly(butadiene terephthalate), Polymers, 12, 1315, 2020.
181. M. Bolourchi and S. Kochesfahani, Flame-retardant polymer composition, PCT Patent Application WO 2018/187638, assigned to Imerys Talc, October 11, 2018.
182. P.K. Borade, M. Elkovich, J. Pal, Flame retardant poly(arylene ether)/polyamide compositions, methods, and articles, US Patent 7592382, assigned to Sabic, September 22, 2009.
183. Walz, R. and Baque, T., Metal Phosphinates in Industrial Applications, Kunststoffe, p. 113, December 2007.
184. Sullalti, S., Colonna, M., Berti, C., Fiorini, M., Karanam, S., Effect of phosphorus based flame retardants on UL94 and comparative tracking index properties of poly(butylene terephthalate), Polym. Degrad. Stab., 97, 566, 2012.
185. W. Wanzke, Non halogen FR solutions for polyesters in E&E applications – the use of phosphinates, Paper presented at AMI Conf. Fire Retardants in Plastics, Denver, CO, June 2012.
186. Braun, U., Schartel, B., Fichera, M.A., Jaeger, C., Flame retardancy mechanisms of aluminium phosphinate in combination with melamine polyphosphate and zinc borate in glass-fibre reinforced polyamide 6, 6, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 92, 1528, 2007.
187. Braun, U. and Schartel, B., Flame retardancy mechanisms of aluminium phosphinate in combination with melamine cyanurate in glass-fibre-reinforced poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate), Macromol. Mater. Eng., 293, 206, 2008.
188. Seefeldt, H., Duemichen, E., Braun, U., Flame retardancy of glass fiber reinforced high temperature polyamide by use of aluminum diethylphosphinate: thermal and thermo-oxidative effects. Polym. Int., 62, 1608, 2013.
189. Q. Yao, S.V. Levchik, G.R. Alessio, Phosphorus-containing flame retardant for thermoplastic polymers, US Patent 7807737, assigned to ICL-IP, October 5, 2010.
190. Zhao, B., Chen, L., Long, J.-W., Chen, H.-B., Wang, Y.-Z. Aluminum hypophosphite versus alkyl-substituted phosphinate in polyamide 6: flame retardance, thermal degradation, and pyrolysis behavior, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 52, 2875, 2013.
191. Ding, Y., Stoliarov, S.I., Kraemer, R.H., Pyrolysis model development for a polymeric material containing multiple flame retardants: relationship between heat release rate and material composition, Comb. Flame, 202, 43, 2019.
192. Brehme, S., Koeppl, T., Schartel, B., Altstaedt, V., Competition in aluminium phosphinate-based halogen-free flame retardancy of poly(butylene terephthalate) and its glass-fibre composites, e-Polymers, 14, 193, 2014.
193. W. Qiu, Flame-retardant poly(arylene ether) composition and its use as a covering for coated wire, US Patent 7589281, assigned to Sabic, September 15, 2009.
194. Y. Araki, T. Sato, T. Hisasue, Flame-retardant resin composition, European Patent 2048198, assigned to Asahi Kasei, January 4, 2012.
195. S.H. Lim, N.J. Park, S.H. Lee, S.M. Lee, J.K. Choi, S.W. Na, Poly (arylene ether) flame retardant resin composition and non-crosslinked flame retardant cable, US patent 9631091, assigned to LG Chem, April 25, 2017.
196. E. Karayianni and J.-M. Philippoz, Flame retardant thermoplastic elastomer compositions, US Patent 7790790, assigned to Du Pont, September 7, 2010.
197. C.F. Fitie, Flame retardant composition and insulated wires for use in electronic equipment, PCT Patent Application, WO 2019/063554, assigned to DSM, April 4, 2019.
198. E. Karayianni, T. Li, Y. Ni, Fire-retardant copolyetherester composition and articles comprising the same, European Patent 2892956, to DuPont, June 14, 2017.
199. A. Vanhalle, H. Verbeke, S.M.L. Meynen, Flame retardant thermoplastic composition, US Patent 8872034, assigned to Huntsman, October 28, 2014.
200. S. Knop, M. Sicken, S. Hoerold, Flame retardant formulation, US Patent 7332534, assigned to Clariant, February 19, 2008.
201. S. Hoerold, Flame-retarding thermosetting compositions, US Patent 6420459, assigned to Clariant, July 16, 2002.
202. S. Knop, M. Sicken, S. Hoerold, Flame retardant duroplastic masses, European Patent Application 1403309, assigned to Clariant, March 31, 2004.
203. M. Sicken, S. Knop, S. Hoerold, H. Bauer, Flame retardant dispersion, US Patent 7273901, assigned to Clariant, September 25, 2007.
204. T.A. Koes and O. Hajjar, Low loss prepregs, compositions useful for the preparation thereof and uses therefor, US Patent 7364672, assigned to Arlon, April 29, 2008.
205. M. Sicken, S. Knop, S. Hoerold, H. Bayer, Flame retardant dispersion, European patent 1454949, assigned to Clariant, July 6, 2016.
206. H. Ushiyama and K. Watanabe, Epoxy resin composition, molded article, prepreg, fiber-reinforced composite material and structure, US Patent 10513577, assigned to Mitsubishi Chemical, December 24, 2019.
207. D. Bedner and W. Varnell, Flame retardant compositions with a phosphorated compound, US Patent 8129456, assigned to Isola, March 6, 2012.
208. T.-C. Liao, D.-R. Fung, Y.-T. Huang, H.-S. Chen, H.-Y. Chang, C.-L. Liu, Thermosetting resin composition and prepreg as well as hardened product using the same, US Patent 10023707, assigned to Nan Ya, July 17, 2018.
209. N. Yao,