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7 75. Heeschen C, Hamm CW, Laufs U, et al. Withdrawal of statins increases event rates in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2002; 105: 1446–52.
8 76. Beygui F, Cayla G, Roule V, et al. Early Aldosterone Blockade in Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 Apr, 67 (16) 1917–1927. ALBATROSS trial
CABG vs PCI
1 77. Mohr FW, Morice MC, Kappetein AP, et al. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with three-vessel disease and left main coronary disease: 5-year follow-up of the randomised, clinical SYNTAX trial. Lancet 2013; 381: 629. Also: Farkouh ME, Domanski M, Sleeper LA, et al. Strategies for multivessel revascularization in patients with diabetes. N Engl J Med 2012; 367: 2375–84. FREEDOM trial.
2 78. Bravata DM, Gienger AL, McDonald KM, et al. Systematic review: the comparative effectiveness of percutaneous coronary interventions and coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Ann Intern Med 2007; 147: 703–716.
Multivessel PCI
1 79. Heitner JF, Senthilkumar A, Harrison JK, et al. Identifying the infarct-related artery in patients with non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2019; e007305.
2 80. Sardella G, Lucisano L, Garbo R, et al. Single-staged compared with multi-staged PCI in multivessel NSTEMI patients. The SMILE trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 67(3): 264–272. Total cardiovascular events are reduced with single-staged PCI, mainly through a reduction of target vessel revascularization and death <not MI> (this may be related to the longer ischemic time with multi-staged PCI, particularly when the culprit lesion is not properly identified. Also, there is a potential harm of repeating procedures, bleeding, repeat ischemia?).
3 81. Hannan EL, Samadashvili Z, Walford G, et al. Staged versus one-time complete revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention for multivessel coronary artery disease patients without ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2013; 6: 12–20.
4 82. Rathod KS, Koganti S, Jain AK, et al. Complete versus culprit-only lesion intervention in patients with acute coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;72:1989-1999 (British national registry analysis). + Also: Brener SJ, Milford-Beland S, Roe MT, et al. Culprit-only or multivessel revascularization in patients with acute coronary syndromes: an American College of Cardiology National Cardiovascular Database Registry report. Am Heart J 2008; 155: 140–6.
5 83. Mehta SR, Wood DA, Storey RF, et al. Complete revascularization with multivessel PCI for myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:1411–1421
6 84. Engstrom T, Kelbaek H, Helqvist S, et al. Complete revascularization versus treatment of the culprit lesion only in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel disease (DANAMI-3-PRIMULTI): an open label, randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2015; 386: 665–671.
Bad outcomes of patients with significant CAD who are not revascularized (in addition to reference 25)
1 85. Hanna EB, Chen AY, Roe MT, Saucedo JF. Characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of patients presenting with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction found to have significant coronary artery disease on coronary angiography and managed medically: stratification according to renal function. Am Heart J 2012; 164: 52–7.
2 86. James SK, Roe MT, Cannon CP, et al. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes intended for non-invasive management: substudy from prospective randomised PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial. BMJ 2011; 342: d3527.
Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after ACS and DES
1 87. Fox KA, Mehta SR, Peters R. Benefits and risks of the combination of clopidogrel and aspirin in patients undergoing surgical revascularization for non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome: the Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Ischemic Events (CURE) trial. Circulation 2004; 110: 1202–18.
2 88. Mauri L, Kereiakes DJ, Yeh RW, et al.; DAPT Study Investigators. Twelve or 30 months of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stents. N Engl J Med 2014; 371: 2155–66.
3 89. Yeh RW, Secemsky E, Kereiakes DJ, et al. Development and validation of a prediction rule for benefit and harm of dual antiplatelet therapy beyond one year after percutaneous coronary intervention: an analysis from the randomized Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Study. JAMA 2016; 315(16):1735–1749.
4 90. Giustino G, Chieffo A, Palmerini T, et al. Efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy after complex PCI. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 68(17): 1851-1864. In this meta-analysis, patients with complex anatomy are still better served with 12 months of DAPT
5 91. Bhatt DL, Flather MD, Hacke W, et al. Patients with prior myocardial infarction, stroke, or symptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the CHARISMA trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49: 1982–1988.
6 92. Levin GN, Bates ER, Bittl JA, et al. 2016 ACC/AHA guidelines focused update on duration of antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery disease. J Am coll Cardiol 2016; 68 (10): 1082–1115.
7 93. Naidu SS, Krucoff MW, Rutledge DR, et al. Contemporary incidence and predictors of stent thrombosis and other major adverse cardiac events in the year after Xience V implantation. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 5: 626–35.
8 94. Colombo A, Chieffo A, Frasheri A, et al. Second generation drug-eluting stent implantation followed by 6- versus 12- month dual antiplatelet therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 64: 2086–97. SECURITY trial, stable CAD. Similar results were seen in the OPTIMIZE trial (3- versus 12-month of dual antiplatelet therapy).
9 95. Palmerini T, Biondi-Zoccai G, Della Riva D. Stent thrombosis with drug-eluting and bare-metal stents: evidence from a comprehensive network meta-analysis. Lancet 2012; 379: 1393–402. Everolimus-eluting stent is associated with an even lower risk of stent thrombosis than BMS and any other DES.
10 96. Palmerini T, Sangiorgi D, Valgimigli M, et al. Short- versus long-term dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stent implantation: an individual patient data pairwise and network meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65: 1092–102.
11 97. Valgimigli M, Campo G, Monti M, et al. Short- versus long-term duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after coronary stenting: a randomized multicenter trial. Circulation 2012; 125: 2015–26. PRODIGY trial, 56% MI.
1 to 3 months DAPT after DES:
1 98. Ariotti S, Adamo M, Costa F, et al; ZEUS Investigators. Is bare-metal stent implantation still justifiable in high bleeding risk patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention? a pre-specified analysis from the ZEUS trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2016; 9(5):426–436. In Zeus trial, patients with high bleeding risk received only 1 month of DAPT, whether randomized to BMS or Zotaralimus DES. Most patients had ACS at baseline (~50% MI). DES was associated with less MI and stent thrombosis than BMS.
2 99. Shah R, Rao SV, Latham SB, Kandzari DE, et al. Efficacy and safety of drug-eluting stents optimized for biocompatibility vs bare-metal stents with a single month of dual antiplatelet therapy: a meta-analysis. JAMA Cardiol 2018; 3:1050–1059. Meta-analysis of 3 trials, Zeus, Leaders free, and SENIOR, randomizing patients to BMS vs DES with only one month of DAPT; most patients had ACS at baseline. DES was superior to BMS, with less MI and stent thrombosis.
3 100. Hahn JY, Song YB, Oh JH, et al. Effect of P2Y12 Inhibitor Monotherapy vs Dual Antiplatelet Therapy on Cardiovascular Events in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The SMART-CHOICE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2019; 321: 2428-2437. Post-DES DAPT duration of 3 months (followed by clopidogrel monotherapy) was as safe as 12 months with less bleeding (27% MI at baseline).
4 101. Watanabe H, Domei T, Morimoto T,