countri...Table 127.2 European undergraduate sections of geriatric medicine curriculu...Table 127.3 Minimum geriatric competencies for medical students (US).Table 127.4 Internal medicine and family medicine resident competencies.
99 Chapter 128Table 128.1 Geriatrics emergency department components.Table 128.2 Components of an acute care for the elderly unit.Table 128.3 Requirements for stroke centre certification.
100 Chapter 133Table 133.1 Some data on healthcare in the European Union.
101 Chapter 134Table 134.1 Pros and cons of different animal models in research on ageing.Table 134.2 Structural and functional changes associated with ageing in the...
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 A Gompertz curve showing the increase in the incidence of death w...Figure 1.2 The ‘non‐Gompertzian’ curve of the incidence of death in the nake...Figure 1.3 The rectangularization or compression of mortality (dotted line) ...
2 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 The societal and community factors that influence an older adult'...Figure 4.2 United States population separated by age and gender in 2020 and ...Figure 4.3 Trends in the relationship status of adults over age 50 in the US...Figure 4.4 A summary of suboptimal and ideal reasons for older adults to con...Figure 4.5 Risk factors, possible adverse events, and possible treatment opt...
3 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 The hallmarks of brain ageing.
4 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 The Eight C considerations of appropriate prescribing.
5 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Reason’s Swiss cheese model.Figure 11.2 A proposed scheme for the effects of hospitalization on frail ol...Figure 11.3 Three common clinical scenarios where delirium, incontinence, an...
6 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Decline in olfaction with age. University of Pennsylvania Smell ...
7 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Overview of the mechanisms involved in appetite regulation.Figure 13.2 The stimulatory and inhibitory effects of hormones.Figure 13.3 Anorexia as a multifactorial geriatric syndrome with poor outcom...
8 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Malnutrition clinical presentations according to inflammation in...Figure 14.2 Mini‐Nutritional Assessment (MNA).
9 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Osmotic control of water balance. The hypothalamus supraoptic (S...Figure 15.2 Pressure‐volume control of water and sodium balance. Barorecepto...Figure 15.3 Renal action of ADH in water conservation.Figure 15.4 Comparisons of disorders of thirst. Serum ADH levels increase wi...Figure 15.5 Algorithm of workup and therapy for hyponatremia. Review medicat...
10 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Normal oesophageal manometry displayed as a pressure topography ...Figure 17.2 Barium swallow in a patient with achalasia, demonstrating a dila...Figure 17.3 Oesophageal manometry in achalasia (type 2), displayed as a pres...Figure 17.4 Manometry recording in distal oesophageal spasm, displayed as a ...Figure 17.5 Barium swallow in a patient with distal oesophageal spasm, demon...Figure 17.6 Scintigraphic gastric emptying study. Part of the radiolabelled ...
11 Chapter 20Figure 20.1 Illustration of the defecatory process.Figure 20.2 An abdominal radiograph obtained 5 days after ingestion of a cap...
12 Chapter 21Figure 21.1 Acute necrotizing pancreatitis, with a bilobed walled‐off necros...Figure 21.2 Atrophied pancreas with dilated, irregular pancreatic duct and i...Figure 21.3 Hypoenhancing lesion with a central cystic component at the panc...
13 Chapter 22Figure 22.1 Aetiology of anaemia.Figure 22.2 Most prevalent types of anaemia in older adults.Figure 22.3 Diagnostic laboratory values for iron deficiency anaemia, anaemi...Figure 22.4 Diagnostic laboratory values for vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia....Figure 22.5 Key mechanisms for anaemia of chronic disease.
14 Chapter 23Figure 23.1 Mechanism of microvascular thrombosis and bleeding in DIC. Broke...
15 Chapter 24Figure 24.1 Coagulation cascade.Figure 24.2 The natural anticoagulant pathway directly inhibits and negative...
16 Chapter 25Figure 25.1 Relationship between the intensity of anticoagulation and the ri...
17 Chapter 28Figure 28.1 Overlap between frailty, comorbidity, and disability. ADL, activ...Figure 28.2 (a) Unadjusted Kaplan‐Meier cumulative probability of incident f...Figure 28.3 Hazard ratios for mortality by BMI after adjustment for age, his...Figure 28.4 Epidemiology of heart failure. AMI, acute myocardial infarction;...
18 Chapter 29Figure 29.1 Junctional bradycardia: failure of sinus beats has resulted in a...Figure 29.2 Rhythm strip showing advanced second‐degree heart block. The sec...Figure 29.3 Complete heart block. Rhythm strip showing P waves (arrows) that...Figure 29.4 Atrial tachycardia. Abnormal, inverted P waves are seen (arrows)...Figure 29.5 Twelve‐lead ECG of typical atrial flutter with variable AV block...Figure 29.6 Rhythm strip of a patient in AF with a slow ventricular response...Figure 29.7 Lead II rhythm strip of a patient with chronic AF who presented ...Figure 29.8 Rhythm strip showing single and paired ventricular