12 8 Intervention of Microorganisms for the Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Extract the Fermentable Sugars for Biofuel Production 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass 8.3 Role of Pretreatment in Biofuel Generations 8.4 Biological Pretreatment and its Significance 8.5 Combined Biological Pretreatment Case Studies and Opportunities 8.6 Future Prospects 8.7 Conclusion Acknowledgement Conflicts of Interest References
13 9 Biomass and Bioenergy: Resources, Conversion and Application 9.1 Introduction to Biomass 9.2 Classification of Biomass Resources 9.3 Biomass to Bioenergy Conversion 9.4 Environmental Impacts of Biomass & Bioenergy 9.5 Solutions to the Environmental Impacts 9.6 Case Study of US – Conversion of MSW to Energy 9.7 Bioenergy Products 9.8 Effects of Covid-19 on Bioenergy Sector References
14 10 Renewable Energy Development in Africa: Lessons and Policy Recommendations from South Africa, Egypt, and Nigeria 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Existing Knowledge and Contributions to Literature 10.3 Renewable Energy Development in South Africa 10.4 Renewable Energy Development in Egypt 10.5 Renewable Energy Development in Nigeria 10.6 Conclusion and Policy Implications 10.7 Conclusion References
15 11 Sustainable Development of Pine Biocarbon Derived Thermally Stable and Electrically Conducting Polymer Nanocomposite Films 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Experimental Procedures 11.3 Characterization 11.4 Results and Discussion 11.5 Electrical Behaviour of ECF 11.6 Conclusion and Future Aspects Acknowledgement References
16 12 Power Electronics for Renewable Energy Systems 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Power Electronics on Energy Systems and its Impact 12.3 The Power Electronics Contribution and its Challenges in the Current Energy Scenario 12.4 Recent Growth in Power Semiconductor Technology 12.5 A New Class of Power Converters for Renewable Energy Systems: AC-Link Universal Power Converters 12.6 Power Converters for Wind Turbines and Power Semiconductors for Wind Power Converter 12.7 Recent Developments in Multilevel Inverter Based PV Systems 12.8 AC-DC-AC Converters for Distributed Power Generation Systems 12.9 Multilevel Converter/Inverter Topologies and Applications 12.10 Multiphase Matrix Converter Topologies 12.11 Boost Pre-Regulators for Power Factor Correction in Single-Phase Rectifiers 12.12 Active Power Filter 12.13 Common-Mode Voltage and Bearing Currents in PWM Inverters: Causes, Effects and Prevention 12.14 Single-Phase Grid-Side Converters 12.15 Impedance Source Inverters 12.16 Conclusion References
17 13 Fuel Cells for Alternative and Sustainable Energy Systems 13.1 Introduction to Fuel Cell Systems 13.2 Overview of Fuel Technology 13.3 Energy Storage Applications of Fuel Cells 13.4 Environmental Impact of Fuel Cell System 13.5 Latest Developments in Fuel Cell Technology 13.6 Future Perspective of Fuel Cell 13.7 Case Studies 13.8 Summary References