target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="#ulink_23e246a1-88c4-5975-b38e-ee214424a838">Scheme 4.51. Enantioselective acyl‐Pictet‐Spengler reaction enabled by anion...Scheme 4.52. Enantioselective reactions enabled by anion‐binding catalysis p...Scheme 4.53. Kinetic resolution of amines via anion‐binding catalysis.Scheme 4.54. Enantioselective reactions of enol ethers enabled by anion‐bind...Scheme 4.55. Enantioselective dearomatization of heterocycles enabled by ani...Scheme 4.56. Enantioselective transformations catalyzed by BINOL‐derived sil...Scheme 4.57. Asymmetric ring opening of strained heterocycles by anion‐bindi...
5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Some “standard” peptide catalysts applied to two or more asymmetr...Scheme 5.1 Poly(amino acid)‐catalyzed asymmetric Michael addition.Scheme 5.2 Polyalanine‐catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation (Juliá–Colonna epoxi...Scheme 5.3 Proline‐catalyzed asymmetric Robinson annulation (Hajos–Parrish‐E...Scheme 5.4 Proline‐catalyzed asymmetric cross aldol reaction.Scheme 5.5 Stereochemical outcome for the peptide‐catalyzed asymmetric cross...Scheme 5.6 Combinatorial approach for screening of peptide catalyst for cros...Scheme 5.7 One‐pot sequential reactions including peptide‐catalyzed asymmetr...Scheme 5.8 Peptide‐catalyzed kinetic resolution of planar chiral ansa cyclop...Scheme 5.9 Peptide‐catalyzed kinetic resolution of aldols via enantiomer dis...Scheme 5.10 Peptide‐catalyzed diastereo‐/enantioselective nitro Michael addi...Scheme 5.11 Peptide‐catalyzed stereoselective nitro Michael addition of alde...Figure 5.2 Structure of diastereo‐/enantioselective nitro Michael adducts; (...Scheme 5.12 Peptide‐catalyzed anti‐diastereoselective and enantioselective n...Scheme 5.13 Peptide‐catalyzed asymmetric α‐amination of aldehydes.Scheme 5.14 Peptide‐catalyzed asymmetric Michael addition of 2‐nitropropane ...Scheme 5.15 Peptide‐catalyzed asymmetric hydride conjugate addition to enals...Scheme 5.16 Asymmetric conjugate additions catalyzed by turn‐helix peptides;...Scheme 5.17 Combinatorial approach for screening of peptide catalyst for Mic...Scheme 5.18 Peptide‐catalyzed asymmetric Michael addition of boronic acids t...Scheme 5.19 Peptide‐catalyzed diastereo‐/enantioselective formation of three...Scheme 5.20 Enantiodivergent Michael addition using peptide catalysts having...Scheme 5.21 Peptide‐catalyzed enantioselective Michael addition of malonate ...Scheme 5.22 (a) Peptide‐catalyzed asymmetric Michael addition of carbon nucl...Scheme 5.23 Tandem Michael addition and asymmetric α‐oxyamination of an enal...Scheme 5.24 Divergence in enantioselectivity for catalytic asymmetric epoxid...Figure 5.3 (a) Possible reaction intermediate for Juliá‐Colonna epoxidation....Scheme 5.25 Polyleucine‐catalyzed asymmetric cyanosilylation.Scheme 5.26 Kinetic resolution in the hydrolysis of activated esters by pept...Scheme 5.27 Asymmetric hydrocyanation catalyzed by a cyclic dipeptide.Scheme 5.28 Peptide‐catalyzed kinetic resolution in the acylation of seconda...Scheme 5.29 Combinatorial approach for screening of peptide catalyst for acy...Scheme 5.30 Peptide‐catalyzed enantio‐ or regiodifferentiating reaction in t...Scheme 5.31 Peptide‐catalyzed acylative desymmetrization of a bisphenol‐type...Scheme 5.32 Peptide‐catalyzed site‐selective acylation of a glycoside.Figure 5.4 Site selectivity for the peptide‐catalyzed derivatization of natu...Scheme 5.33 Peptide‐catalyzed acylative kinetic resolution of secondary thio...Scheme 5.34 Peptide‐catalyzed monoacylative kinetic resolution of trans‐cycl...Scheme 5.35 Peptide‐catalyzed monoacylative desymmetrization of alkane‐1,2‐d...Scheme 5.36 Peptide‐catalyzed asymmetric Dakin–West reaction.Scheme 5.37 Peptide‐catalyzed phosphorylative desymmetrization of a myo‐inos...Figure 5.5 Site selectivity for the peptide‐catalyzed phosphorylation of tei...Scheme 5.38 Peptide‐catalyzed sulfonylative desymmetrization of a myo‐inosit...Scheme 5.39 Peptide‐catalyzed site‐selective derivatization of a polyol comp...Scheme 5.40 Peptide/proline‐cocatalyzed asymmetric Morita–Baylis–Hillman rea...Scheme 5.41 Peptide‐catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of azide.Scheme 5.42 Catalytic cycle for oxidation mediated by Asp‐containing peptide...Scheme 5.43 Peptide‐catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation of allylic carbamates....Scheme 5.44 Peptide‐catalyzed site‐/enantioselective epoxidation of farnesol...Scheme 5.45 Peptide‐catalyst‐controlled site‐/enantioselective Beayer–Villig...Scheme 5.46 Peptide‐catalyst‐controlled N‐oxidative desymmetrization of dipy...Scheme 5.47 Peptide‐catalyzed N‐Oxidation of conformationally dynamic substr...Scheme 5.48 Peptide‐catalyzed methanolytic dynamic kinetic resolution of oxa...Scheme 5.49 Peptide‐catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of axially chiral bipheny...Scheme 5.50 Peptide‐catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of axially chiral arylami...Scheme 5.51 Peptide‐catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of 3‐arylquinazolin...Scheme 5.52 Peptide‐catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of chiral biaryls by frag...Scheme 5.53 Peptide‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrocyanation of imines by cyclic ...Scheme 5.54 Peptide‐catalyzed asymmetric Michael addition of prochiral nucle...Scheme 5.55 Peptide‐catalyzed atroposelective formation of two‐axis terpheny...Scheme 5.56 Enantioselective Rauhut–Currier reactions promoted by protected ...Scheme 5.57 Enantioselective vinylcyclopropane ring‐opening/cycloaddition ca...Scheme 5.58 Photo‐driven deracemization of urea derivative promoted by a com...Scheme 5.59 Catalytic asymmetric epoxidation of alkenes mediated by trifluor...Scheme 5.60 Peptide‐catalyzed ring‐opening desymmetrization of epoxide.Scheme 5.61 Peptide‐catalyzed acylative kinetic resolution of secondary alco...Scheme 5.62 Peptide‐catalyzed asymmetric bromolaconization.Scheme 5.63 Catalytic oxidation by flavin‐conjugated peptide; (a) sulfoxidat...Scheme 5.64 TEMPO‐conjugated peptoid‐catalyzed oxidative kinetic resolution ...Scheme 5.65 Asymmetric reduction of quinoline derivatives catalyzed by a pep...Scheme 5.66 Reductive kinetic resolution of imines catalyzed by a peptide wi...Scheme 5.67 Enantioselective Baeyer‐Villiger oxidation controlled by a pepti...Scheme 5.68 Atroposelective cyclodehydration leading to axially chiral benzi...Scheme 5.69 Diastereodivergent construction P(III) chiral center from phosph...Scheme 5.70 (a) Pyridine‐conjugated peptide‐catalyzed asymmetric aza‐MBH rea...Scheme 5.71 Site‐selective acylation using peptide catalyst with DMAP‐type s...Scheme 5.72 Peptide‐catalyzed enantioselective transamination of pyruvate....Scheme 5.73 Asymmetric reactions catalyzed by a peptide having thiazolium si...Scheme 5.74 Asymmetric cathodic reduction on polyvaline‐coated graphite elec...Scheme 5.75 Asymmetric anodic sulfoxidation on polyvaline‐coated Pt electrod...
6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1. General structural features of NHCs.Figure 6.2. Early development of benzoin and related reactions via acyl anio...Figure 6.3. Reactions of enals with ketones and aldehydes. (a) NHC‐Catalyzed...Figure 6.4. Reactions of enals with imines, ketimines, and Michael acceptors...Figure 6.5. Reactions of enals involving NHC‐bound enolate intermediates. (a...Figure 6.6. Activation of enals under oxidative NHC catalysis. (a) Generatio...Figure 6.7. NHC‐catalyzed reactions of α‐functionalized aldehydes. (a) Bode’...Figure 6.8. α‐Carbon activation of stable carboxylic esters.Figure 6.9. β‐sp2‐Carbon activation of α,β‐unsaturared carboxylic esters....Figure 6.10. γ‐Carbon activation of α,β‐unsaturared carboxylic esters.Figure 6.11. NHC‐catalyzed β‐activation of carboxylic esters. (a) Chi’s NHC‐...Figure 6.12. NHC‐catalyzed activation of ketenes. (a) NHC‐catalyzed Stauding...Figure 6.13. NHC‐catalyzed activation of sulfonylimines. (a) Hou’s NHC‐catal...Figure 6.14. NHC‐catalyzed umpolung of imines.Figure 6.15. NHC‐catalyzed activation of remote nitrogen atoms.Figure 6.16. NHC‐catalyzed β‐alkylations of Michael acceptors.Figure 6.17. Biomimetic NHC‐catalyzed oxidations of aldehydes.Figure 6.18. NHC‐catalyzed reductive β,β‐coupling of nitroalkenes. (a) Chi’s...Figure