Hughes Thomas

Tom Brown at Rugby


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      1

      Doyle: an English artist noted for his humorous and satirical designs.

      2

      Matriculating: entering.

      3

      Yeomen: small independent farmers. They have generally constituted the best part of the English army.

      4

      Cloth-yard shaft:

1

Doyle: an English artist noted for his humorous and satirical designs.

2

Matriculating: entering.

3

Yeomen: small independent farmers. They have generally constituted the best part of the English army.

4

Cloth-yard shaft: an arrow a yard in length.

5

Cressy and Agincourt: English victories over the French in 1346 and 1415.

6

Bill: a combined spear and battle-axe.

7

Culverin and demi-culverin: ancient forms of cannon.

8

Hand-grenade: a kind of bomb or shell thrown by hand.

9

Rodney, etc.: famous English naval and military commanders.

10

Talbots, etc.: noted family names of the English nobility.

11

"Sacer vates": inspired bard or poet.

12

Throw his stone, etc.: help to build their cairn or monument.

13

Clanship: here, the holding together of a class, tribe, or family.

14

Bout: contest.

15

Curacy: parish.

16

Chambers: law offices.

17

Quixotic: romantic or visionary

18

Crotchet: whim, notion, "hobby."

19

Old man with a scythe: Father Time.

20

Treadmill: a wheel on which prisoners were formerly compelled to work.

21

Berks: Berkshire, a county west of London. It is called "Royal" because it is the seat of Windsor Castle. The Vale of the White Horse gets its name from the gigantic image of a horse cut through the turf in the side of a chalk hill. Tradition says it was done over a thousand year ago, to commemorate a great victory over the Danes by Alfred.

22

Three pound ten (shillings): the English shilling is about twenty five cents, and the pound may be called five dollars.

23

Dresden: a city of Germany, noted for its treasures of art.

24

The Louvre: an ancient palace in Paris, containing vast collections of sculptures and paintings.

25

Sauer-kraut: a German dish, prepared from cabbage.

26

Bee-orchis (orkis): a wild-flower resembling a bee.

27

Down: a barren hill of chalk or sand.

28

Civil wars: those between Parliament and King Charles I., in the seventeenth century.

29

Butts: targets for archery practice. Before the invention of gunpowder they were set up by law in every parish.

30

Laid: dispelled by religious ceremonies.

31

Dulce domum: sweet home.

32

Black Monday: the end of the holidays.

33

Cosmopolites: citizens of the world at large, familiar with all countries.

34

Backsword play: the game of single-stick, or fencing with cudgels.

35

Gorse: a thick, prickly, evergreen shrub, which grows wild and bears beautiful yellow flowers.

36

Spinney: a small grove filled with undergrowth.

37

Charley: a fox.

38

Cover: a retreat, or hiding-place.

39

Old Berkshire: an association of hunters.

40

Thatched: roofed with straw or reeds.

41

Richard Swiveller: a jolly character who lives by his wits. See Dickens's "Old Curiosity Shop."

42

Mr. Stiggins: a hypocritical parson. See Dickens's "Pickwick Papers."

43

Roman camp: the Romans, when they conquered England, about 78 A.D., built a stronghold here.

44

Eyrie: the nest of a bird of prey; here, a gathering-place for Roman soldiers.

45

Cairn: a heap of stones set up to mark a spot.

46

Sappers and miners: usually, soldiers employed in working on trenches and fortifications or in undermining those of an enemy; here, engaged in surveying.

47

Ordnance Map: an official or government map.

48

Balak: see Numbers xxii.

49

Alfred: Alfred the Great, King of the West Saxons, 871. He defeated the Danes, who had overrun most of England, at Ashdown, and compelled them to make a treaty of peace. He is justly considered one of the noblest and wisest of the English sovereigns; and the thousandth anniversary of his birth was celebrated in 1849, at Wantage, Berks.

50

Asser: a contemporary of Alfred; he wrote his life.

51

Saxons: a name given to certain German tribes who conquered Britain, in the fifth century. The name England came from the Angles, a people of the same stock, who settled in the east and north of the island. From these Anglo-Saxons the English have in great part descended.

52

Alma: a river in the Crimea where a desperate battle was fought between the Russians and the allied English and French in 1854.

53

Chronicler: Asser, from whom this is quoted.

54

St. George: the patron saint of England.

55

More by token: as a sign or proof that this is so.

56

Privet: a shrub much used for hedges.