Bergreen, Columbus: The Four Voyages, 1492–1504 (New York: Penguin, 2012), 26–28.
79
Bergreen, Columbus, 19, 27; Count Corti, A History of Smoking, trans. Paul England (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1932), 35–39. На самом деле первые листья табака дали Колумбу таино, жившие на Багамах, но тот подарок он выкинул.
80
Rudi Mathee, “Exotic Substances: The Introduction and Global Spread of Tobacco, Coffee, Cocoa, Tea, and Distilled Liquor, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries,” в кн. Drugs and Narcotics in History, ed. Roy Porter and Mikulás Teich (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 33.
81
Zachary Siegel, “Is the U. S. Knee-Deep in ‘Epidemics,’ or Is That Just Wishful Thinking?” New York Times, August 14, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/14/magazine/epidemic-disaster-tragedy.html.
82
David T. Courtwright, Forces of Habit: Drugs and the Making of the Modern World (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001), 1–6.
83
Jordan Goodman, “Excitantia: Or, How Enlightenment Europe Took to Soft Drugs,” в кн. Consuming Habits: Global and Historical Perspectives on How Cultures Define Drugs, 2nd ed., ed. Jordan Goodman, Paul E. Lovejoy, and Andrew Sherratt (New York: Routledge, 2007), 121. О сахаре: см. Andrew Sherratt, введение к кн. Consuming Habits, 7.
84
Garcia da Orta, Colloquies on the Simples & Drugs of India, ed. Conde de Ficalho, trans. Clements Markham (Lisbon, 1895), https://archive.org/stream/colloquiesonsimp00orta/colloquiesonsimp00orta_djvu.txt. («Мужчины, принимающие его, становятся вялыми и сонными, они говорят, что употребляют, чтобы не чувствовать проблем… Если не дать им его, есть риск летального исхода… и среди тех, кто его употребляет, распространена сильная тяга к нему»). См. также Benjamin Breen, The Age of Intoxication: Origins of the Global Drug Trade (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019), 58–59; Marcus Boon, The Road of Excess: A History of Writers on Drugs (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005), гл. 1.
85
Именно от имени Жана Нико происходит слово «никотин». Larry Harrison, “Tobacco Battered and the Pipes Shattered: A Note on the Fate of the First British Campaign against Tobacco Smoking,” British Journal of Addiction 81, no. 4 (April 1986): 553–558, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360–0443.1986.tb00367.x.
86
Corti, History of Smoking, 69; Alfred H. Dunhill, “Smoking in England – Elizabethan,” в кн. The Gentle Art of Smoking (New York: Putnam, 1954), https://web.archive.org/web/20181109095246/http://archive.tobacco.org:80/History/Elizabethan_Smoking.html; Iain Gately, Tobacco: A Cultural History of How an Exotic Plant Seduced Civilization (New York: Grove Press, 2001), 45.
87
Patrizia Russo et al., “Tobacco Habit: Historical, Cultural, Neurobiological, and Genetic Features of People’s Relationship with an Addictive Drug,” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 54, no. 4 (Autumn 2011): 557–577, https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2011.0047. В частности, папа угрожал отлучением тем, кто употреблял нюхательный табак прямо в церкви: J. D. Rolleston, “On Snuff Taking,” British Journal of Inebriety 34, no. 1 (July 1936): 1–16.
88
Carol Benedict, Golden-Silk Smoke: A History of Tobacco in China, 1555–2010 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011), 24; Corti, History of Smoking, 141.
89
David Courtwright, The Age of Addiction: How Bad Habits Became Big Business (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2019), 70. См. также James Grehan, “Smoking and ‘Early Modern’ Sociability: The Great Tobacco Debate in the Ottoman Middle East (Seventeenth to Eighteenth Centuries),” American Historical Review 111, no. 5 (December 2006): 1352–1377, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr.111.5.1352.
90
King James I, A Counterblaste to Tobacco (London, 1604), 16, https://books.google.com/books?id=EasUAAAAYAAJ. См. также David Harley, “The Beginnings of the Tobacco Controversy: Puritanism, James I, and the Royal Physicians,” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 67, no. 1 (Spring 1993): 28–50, PMID: 8461637.
91
Joshua Sylvester, Tobacco Battered and the Pipes Shattered (About Their Ears, That Id’ly Idolize So Base and Barbarous a Weed: Or, at Least-Wise Over-Love So Loathsome Vanity) (London, 1676; Ann Arbor, MI: Text Creation Partnership, 2011), https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A87472.0001.001/1:6?rgn=%20div1;view=fulltext.
92
OxyContin: Its Use and Abuse, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, 107th Cong. 54 (2001) (обработанные показания Майкла Фридмана, исполнительного вице-президента, главного операционного директора Purdue Pharma L. P.). Более подробную информацию о нынешнем опиоидном кризисе можно найти в работе Patrick Radden Keefe, “The Family That Built an Empire of Pain,” New Yorker, October 30, 2017, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/10/30/the-family-that-built-an-empire-of-pain; Barry Meier, Pain Killer: An Empire of Deceit and the Origin of America’s Opioid Epidemic (New York: Random House, 2003); Sam Quinones, Dreamland: The True Tale of America’s Opiate Epidemic (New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2015); Anne Case and Angus Deaton, Deaths of Despair and the Future of Capitalism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2020); Art Van Zee, “The Promotion and Marketing of OxyContin: Commercial Triumph, Public Health Tragedy,” American Journal of Public Health 99, no. 2 (February 2009): 221–227, https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.131714.
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Gerald Posner, “How to Hold Purdue Pharma Accountable for Its Role in the Opioid Epidemic,” Los Angeles Times, May 17, 2020, https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2020–05–17/sacklers-opioid-epidemic-bankruptcy; Katie Benner, “Purdue Pharma Pleads Guilty to Role in Opioid Crisis as Part of Deal with Justice Dept.,” New York Times, November 24, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/24/us/politics/purdue-pharma-opioids-guilty-settlement.html; “2020 America’s Richest Families Net Worth – #30 Sackler Family,” Forbes, December 16, 2020, https://www.forbes.com/profile/sackler/?sh=53c8914b5d63.
94
Jim Orford, Power, Powerlessness, and Addiction (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013), 131.
95
William Rhodes et al., Illicit Drugs: Price Elasticity of Demand and Supply (Washington, DC: National Criminal Justice