Карл Эрик Фишер

Тяга. Всемирная история зависимости


Скачать книгу

Автор подчеркивает, что намеренно употребляет слово «каннабис» для обозначения марихуаны, так как оно является научным названием растения, а кроме того, было в ходу задолго до того, как появилось слово «марихуана», которое намеренно использовалось для распространения негативных и расистских ассоциаций с этим веществом.

      97

      Alfred Rive, “A Brief History of the Regulation and Taxation of Tobacco in England,” William and Mary Quarterly 9, no. 1 (January 1929), https://doi.org/10.2307/1920374; Mathee, “Exotic Substances,” 33.

      98

      Harrison, “Tobacco Battered,” 556.

      99

      Courtwright, Forces of Habit, 156; Corti, History of Smoking, 141.

      100

      Corti, History of Smoking, 149.

      101

      Courtwright, Forces of Habit, 4–5.

      102

      Courtwright, Forces of Habit, 156, 197.

      103

      Orford, Power, Powerlessness, and Addiction.

      104

      Peter C. Mancall, “Tales Tobacco Told in Sixteenth-Century Europe,” Environmental History 9, no. 4 (2004): 648–78, https://doi.org/10.2307/3986264; Marcy Norton, Sacred Gifts, Profane Pleasures: A History of Tobacco and Chocolate in the Atlantic World (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2008), 221–222.

      105

      Harrison, “Tobacco Battered,” 557.

      106

      Sidney W. Mintz, Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History (New York: Penguin, 1986); James Walvin, Sugar, the World Corrupted: From Slavery to Obesity (New York: Pegasus, 2018).

      107

      Joseph F. Spillane, Cocaine: From Medical Marvel to Modern Menace in the United States, 1884–1920 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000), 32. См. также David F. Musto, “Opium, Cocaine and Marijuana in American History,” Scientific American, July 1991, https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0791–40. О компании Merck: H. Richard Friman, “Germany and the Transformations of Cocaine, 1860–1920,” в кн. Cocaine: Global Histories, ed. Paul Gootenberg (New York: Routledge, 2002), 85.

      108

      René I. Jahiel and Thomas F. Babor, “Industrial Epidemics, Public Health Advocacy and the Alcohol Industry: Lessons from Other Fields,” Addiction 102, no. 9 (September 2007): 1335–1339, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360–0443.2007.01900.x.

      109

      Richard Kluger, Ashes to Ashes: America’s Hundred-Year Cigarette War, the Public Health, and the Unabashed Triumph of Philip Morris (New York: Vintage, 1997), гл. 4–9.

      110

      Автор неизвестен, записка предназначалась Р. А. Питтману, 21 августа 1969, Brown & Williamson Records, Truth Tobacco Industry Records, University of California, San Francisco, https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/#id=xqkd0134; David Michaels, Doubt Is Their Product (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008).

      111

      Graham Readfearn, “Doubt over Climate Science Is a Product with an Industry behind It,” Guardian, March 5, 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/planet-oz/2015/mar/05/doubt-over-climate-science-is-a-product-with-an-industry-behind-it; David Michaels, The Triumph of Doubt: Dark Money and the Science of Deception (New York: Oxford University Press, 2020).

      112

      Frederick Turner, Ernst Pöppel, “The Neural Lyre: Poetic Meter, the Brain, and Time,” Poetry 142, no. 5 (August 1983): 277–309, https://www.jstor.org/stable/20599567.

/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQEASABIAAD/2wBDAAIBAQIBAQICAgICAgICAwUDAwMDAwYEBAMFBwYHBwcGBwcICQsJCAgKCAcHCg0KCgsMDAwMBwkODw0MDgsMDAz/2wBDAQICAgMDAwYDAwYMCAcIDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAz/wgARCAjJBdwDAREAAhEBAxEB/8QAHQAAAgMBAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAgMAAQQFCAcGCf/EABwBAQEAAgMBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgYDBQcECP/aAAwDAQACEAMQAAAB+ucmOUMoIAAcc41GYSLIJEiRYwzglGExmczmI5BixZTjr+el40oKIJQBBZZYAgsWsWiy2IMiICWQEoshQRACELKIUQhRCFhFkCBIWEUQIpCSFkWltjZS0pMbKIEQMWMKIUQIsoossWEQIWEEUWLGAliwygQFiQgLK0tBZUhArRRASEIUWUWCWAEUQhAiyiiEBLIUWWUWUUWUQIgQZZZ/QPk4WiAiEFBgkEmQsSQSYQwgBRiEHPBMBlOKZo40ywH5mXJKsgBCxRCxQsEi0RaCKIxjJZQRRRQRRZRASECKKIQhCBkIQshZCgiJZaQIsEogRYRRAQiiyyBFBABkIEAQMEgIRCFBgFgkLLIUUAUCRbQVJKIoqJCFFFgkIQEoshRZCFFkLIQoosEhCyiwigSyFEIQMhZZ/RHk4UgDAQRplEllEMosWKKMQwo5oBgKOcYTkxz45DLIfnYwSqWxYJYAIBBZRRRAViwtBWwSFkBKKLKIELLIWUWCWWQIhZQRCiywSIxLKLCALUksosshYQJZCFBBAkCLLFllkLADKBLIWAQIsEMoEoEgBRRASBAgrSwosEhRZASyiiyyiFkBIWQsgJAQiiyyFgBAhAkIEWWWf0Q5OHEMBBNIgUGAAUYxxhBBKFlHKFGM5Is45ixcheavDjkyqUSiwBQYIAssUtkKBWBESlogJCFgBgFkIAQIsogIZQYJZZYIZCEIhJAwFtCBCLIWQIhCBhAlkIQohZCFlELLBKDFllkLBLICCWQgBYJZQKgUWWlKC2AUQshRCggSFELIQAsoYCECQgJRZZRCyiyFgkIWQIs/odycKgBhmNIosWAZhogEoASLEmEs5xlOacSOUZpeWvEONjUKBQIIBYIshACFFLAAVIhRASFkKIQsEhCELIWQEIhZZZZCi0ixCIkCLCBIEUGLCCIMKIWEUQosoIgJZZZRAiwQQiFEKLBIUWWACGLKLKKBICUtpapWFlAlFkIUQgIQJZCiFECKIWUUQgJCyigyyiwQgSyiyz+hHJwkGALGhEFiBIQkSQEWYBQgzmI5hzzjRgjlLy1/PyolEUEKAKLAKICUAQFaIsKKICEAWQsohCiECIUWWUWCMLLQAyiyksssgQQAZQZRQ0AIIEMhYJCDAQgQigwBhQQBQZRZQAQJQwAhRASiAkADKKACKFlgFqBa0AWUQhCwSiiyiFgkIWWWCQhASEIQoshAgQiiiFln9B+ThMAIEEMUaTOZhBBYggsEyGExmIA/NHKjBLyF/Pxz5kIJYAIJAASiCi1tBWAlrACFglAhELIUWQhQRYIRYISQJYUhlJClJKIGWWUQsYKDLLCLIEWUEQoMhCEIMBCCBKKLIUWKCLKKIQEYKIUUCELDBBCFFFgAhAFsqKYxYoEKIQEsohCwSFFkLBCICQosoohCygiEIUWQs/oNycNkCBHDTCCQoAylCyhIgyHDBMBzTnxxZeUvDOPjVqsooAEoWQsEAoEFSKIUsKLBLBKCIUWUUWWEUWUUQsiGkWgkhCBFEIWEEQMEMssgRYRYwUGGCLINIWEAGxpbQygSlpWsVshGmcIsEWEEUCEQSWCUQhRQsIgsEopYkWJRTISAELBIQsAgQJCyEIQsohCiAkIQgQIRRCEKP6F8nCYQosgwWWYBgsWIAFCxByjmGUyHJMEcSZcE40qJUlAAglgggEBBBCKItLRRZQIQJRZCyggCwQyELIECExjKJZaUtoYCxDIGEWQsgRZZBhZQwWWEGCjkWpKCMCSgGTmIELDqwIslCEKltIorQBAihYRYsIAEoEsoogIBQAJYLKJRYKwgJQJZCiFEIQsohRCECAIQohCEIEUWUUECf0S5OHIUazOWEUAIFkNnS/R+l857Tgbd8Ovpvp/D+l9Qs4xzBBwzmRzJecv5458qZUhAFFEFglAgkKW0opRWiyFFFlFkLKBLLIWWUQsIotjFiRSQQgyyyyFBBhFEPv8A5z2nozzHtvO/pvU/BfR+rWNAIGEExIhYKkhlUyqLLBLJAwzJQRAAixQwgsGJCyAKaCCyAMQUECCAECUQooWAQiilgrFAohDo/NfX3jfe/Ntm+Tzx6N1Y22QhCFEIQhYJRRZRCyiyiFlECKP6D8nCZBJoKAIWZARR29b+v9t4x37Pmy+U+/azye24elrf18jkx/KbB83T1v68GD8f2XH+U7Pi/R619eHgz4338X4ju/npQAALFhAAlgFFMoUQEIoooIAIohZRZAiJaLZGWWxshZZCyyiFkCLLDIMIUQ9seD7F5N9k6L3Z+etn8C/o/Vf1/TfRs4Mvnmz/AB93reYc8er8nJ+d7Tg/TdRz/ke++b91rv1fg9l+SUwEIgZZYsog8UWGLDACCM4wUWQDFdDAFi2UAIKBFlghkBALFkFlArEjKgCiEPbPhnf/ALXpPofx3yj610v5nteL8J33zfQdd+r8f3Pz9T5cxH8eX4rvOD6Jrf05+WfhO/8Am+ha59TsL+c7Ph/M9nxiQossohCiyyiz+hHJwkQgYAAZmEjjKdLW/r+rfnLauTsfyfFv0dqvU136voXjne9bo/p+Ce6659x8P2P8Tsnx/u9Q+7wJ+o9P94fmHbvxfd8HJ+vHxT7xrlAgggEALBIQEBbWEKACBLICEQgJYRZYJaUpJaEWCMBCIGQossIhYYRQZZQR6L8y7b0J5l23kH2/X/aHg2x/hdi+T8JsnyqyMxvozy3ufDn6H1b1R4133zHcPg4/Y8Pnr0/qSDBGghCgyyxgQBYoseZyFhCyBCQxRAhQMHACilUoAhACyFgFEBIAQoEFaBWj3h4DsX4/uOE8X4fv/m9L+X9v539H6v1P5R3Pir2/X/qep/aeL9F13L8P3rrvV3knddH58/DPvGu+1fEO/wDnOyfL9Y1H7f5kfqHUhyUUUWUECQIhRD+hfJw2MFAggjyjnjhZr1v6/oHjPfH8+Xzr2boVfJl+68o7vodZzfAfbNf+6eL7B5v9l6D0p4jsPhP9Gat7v/N21+PPb9f+4efdl4n9512FAixYBYKmgFimRMaUgVWQhQRCwCyFkSKQaAWlKSEUMBDIWQMoIssgRAiiBhlp/QH817X5k9Z6X1H5H3fkb2zoPVXjvefDPQur/e679XA7Hj+7eddrxOz4vLXs3Qeo/Gu+5/0YfA/Ten+S7115FBDQBwARAQwgSiAliwgghZYAAQgoEMGEl0qJClEEirIAQQQgQoIWWCAsQFi+n/Ku29P+Wdxg58PBP6B1z3P4NsXz7Yvl+v6b93ir2/oPueh9icp438R3vzfper5eJ93H8W3f4PaniHf+P/Zei9o+I7B/Mv8AUGpqzkIUQIAsoshCj+ifJwoICGAGAAAIEGjqeb9PofZfm9t+Ltat9n4Pdfg+h+R93yPs4/knpPVekPAtm/CbN8Xyrafk+YbR8n7nXvq+fbL8n0bVfs8/ekdXQssWLLKBBIQi0QopRIUWUWQsohZaWRSYippCyyEDKIEEWUWWWEGEUCNLIhp9B1r6/vfnPafEPQutZjfY