10.2 Indications for therapeutic colonoscopy in children
3 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Contraindications to ileocolonoscopyTable 12.2 Technical specifications of new regular adult colonoscopesTable 12.3 Technical specifications of new slim colonoscopesTable 12.4 Technical specifications of new ultra‐slim colonoscopesTable 12.5 Complications associated with pediatric colonoscopy
4 Chapter 13Table 13.1 Artefacts related to biopsy trauma and specimen processing in endo...
5 Chapter 14Table 14.1 Diagnostic and therapeutic indications for enteroscopy
6 Chapter 15Table 15.1 Potential indications for capsule endoscopy in pediatric patients
7 Chapter 16Table 16.1 Commercially available echo‐endoscopes and miniprobesTable 16.2 Indications for EUS in childrenTable 16.3 EUS features in esophageal diseasesTable 16.4 EUS features in gastric pathologyTable 16.5 EUS features of the cystic and mass lesions of the pancreas and bi...
8 Chapter 17Table 17.1 Types of stainingTable 17.2 “Surface” guidelines for chromoendoscopy in ulcerative colitis
9 Chapter 20Table 20.1 Endoscopic classification of esophageal candida
10 Chapter 22Table 22.1 Classification of gastropathy. Gastritis and gastropathy can be cl...
11 Chapter 26Table 26.1 Endoscopic classification of caustic injuries
12 Chapter 29Table 29.1 Equipment compatible with a pediatric endoscope (2 mm channel)
13 Chapter 31Table 31.1 Classification system for esophageal varices
14 Chapter 32Table 32.1 Principal causes of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding in children
15 Chapter 33Table 33.1 Tricks of the trade
16 Chapter 34Table 34.1 Advantages of single‐stage PEG
17 Chapter 37Table 37.1 Duodenoscopes: specificationTable 37.2 Biliary indications for diagnostic and therapeutic ERCPTable 37.3 ERCP findings in infants with suspected biliary atresiaTable 37.4 Todani classification of choledochal cyst (based on the shape of a...Table 37.5 Pancreatic indications for diagnostic and therapeutic ERCPTable 37.6 Role of MRCP and ERCP in children with pancreatic disordersTable 37.7 Steps of biliary and pancreatic sphincterotomy techniqueTable 37.8 Steps of endoscopic marsupialization of duodenal duplication
18 Chapter 41Table 41.1a Paris classification of endoscopic lesion morphologyTable 41.1b modified Kudo criteria for the classification of colorectal crypt...Table 41.2 Classification of common chromoscopic dyes
19 Chapter 42Table 42.1 Polyps and polyposis syndromes seen in childhood and associated ge...Table 42.2 Endoscopic surveillance and screening strategies for polyposis syn...
20 Chapter 43Table 43.1 Currently available ultrathin endoscopes
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Suggested diagnostic algorithm of chronic vomiting. PPI, proton ...Figure 10.2 Suggested diagnostic algorithm of lower gastrointestinal bleedin...Figure 10.3 Suggested diagnostic algorithm for chronic abdominal pain.Figure 10.4 Suggested diagnostic algorithm of chronic diarrhea.Figure 10.5 Suggested initial management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding....
2 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Control panel handling. The control panel is held by the left fo...Figure 11.2 The connecting tube behind the thumb balances the weight of the ...Figure 11.3 Manipulations with the R/L and U/D knobs. The thumb is the main ...Figure 11.4 Technique of extensive rotation of the control knobs. The middle...Figure 11.5 The initial phase of esophageal intubation. The endoscopist shou...Figure 11.6 The root of the tongue appears as a cobblestone texture. It may ...Figure 11.7 The initial view of the epiglottis. The epiglottis should be fou...Figure 11.8 The endoscopic anatomy of the larynx: panoramic view.Figure 11.9 Endoscopic appearance of the vocal cords. A close capture of the...Figure 11.10 Close‐up view of the crico‐arytenoid cartilages. The esophageal...Figure 11.11 Side‐view of the groove between the lateral wall of the larynx ...Figure 11.12 Appearance of the pharyngoepiglottic fold signals to reverse di...Figure 11.13 Close‐up view of the esophageal orifice.Figure 11.14 The second physiological narrowing of the esophagus. It does no...Figure 11.15 The distal esophagus. It tapers down toward the hiatal notch.Figure 11.16 Z‐line. The junction between the pale esophageal and richer col...Figure 11.17 Prominent fold of the greater curvature of the stomach. Appeara...Figure 11.18 Panoramic view of the gastric body. It can be achieved by clock...Figure 11.19 Gastric angularis. The detailed image of the angularis can be e...Figure 11.20 Panoramic view of the antrum. At this stage of the procedure, t...Figure 11.21 Panoramic view of the duodenal bulb. This is useful for correct...Figure 11.22 Endoscopic mapping of the duodenal bulb during the insertion ph...Figure 11.23 Mapping of the walls of the duodenal bulb after reduction of th...Figure 11.24 Appearance of the transitional zone between the duodenal bulb a...Figure 11.25 Horizontal configuration of the transitional zone between the d...Figure 11.26 The major duodenal papilla, the hallmark of the second portion ...Figure 11.27 The major duodenal papilla. The side‐viewing duodenoscope allow...Figure 11.28 The endoscopic appearance of the duodenum at the level of the l...Figure 11.29 View of the gastric body during the initial phase of the retrof...Figure 11.30 Appearance of the cardia after partial withdrawal of the shaft ...Figure 11.31 Detailed view of the cardia after further withdrawal of the sco...Figure 11.32 Appearance of the Z‐line signals the end of the withdrawal part...Figure 11.33 Small squamous papilloma of the middle esophagus.Figure 11.34 (a) Proximal edge of almost circumferential mass in the distal ...Figure 11.35 Highly unusual appearance of the gastric mucosa: prominent and ...Figure 11.36 (a) Acute phase of severe corrosive gastritis. (b) Multiple sca...Figure 11.37 Pinpoint narrowing of the pylorus induced by the circular mass ...Figure 11.38 Heterotopic pancreas in the greater curvature of the prepyloric...Figure 11.39 (a) Sessile hyperplastic polyp in the antrum. (b) Inflammatory ...Figure 11.40 Burkitt’s lymphoma: multiple ulcerated mass lesions in the stom...Figure 11.41 Razed, rounded ulcerated lesions with irregular base in the sto...Figure 11.42 (a) A relatively large active