1928) starts to be used to treat infections.
KEY CONCEPTS
1 Nursing history must be interpreted through the contexts of gender, society, science, and place.
2 In 1873, three nurse training schools, using Nightingale's principles for nursing education, were founded in the U.S.
3 Scientific progress required nurses' more extensive education.
4 Early nursing contributions to society's health included nursing knowledge‐based care within hospitals and nursing public health initiatives in the wider community.
5 Public health nursing was central to the early professional development of nursing.
6 Nursing professional organizations were initiated soon after formal nursing education began.
7 During the Great Depression of the 1930s, nursing practice moved from private duty nursing to hospital staff nursing.
8 The move from hospital training schools for nurses to collegiate nursing education accelerated in the 1950s and 1960s.
9 Nursing theories were foundational to nursing science research.
10 Advanced Practice Nursing roles have had a long history.
KEY TERMS
Nursing history
Professional identity
Nurse Training Schools
Visiting Nurses
Henry Street Settlement
Nursing technicians
Image of nurses
Ethics
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1 Nurses who had graduated from nurse training schools largely moved from private duty nursing to hospital staff nursing during the 1930s because of which of the following?Medical care was becoming increasingly complex and more graduate nurses were needed.Student nurses' liability insurance would not cover student nurses in the role of primary caregivers.Graduate nurses were cheaper for hospitals than running their own nurse training schools.Student nurses' education was moving away from hospital training schools to colleges and universities.
2 The public views nurses more favorably during which of the following times?Complimentary television shows.War.Infectious disease outbreaks.When the results of the Gallop Poll, which showed nurses rate highest in ethics, is released.
3 The movement toward formal education for nurses in the 1870s came about for all the following reasons EXCEPT for which of the following?Rapid industrialization.Expansion of scientific knowledge, such as anesthesia and antisepsis.Expansion of hospital building.Women's desire for more independence.
4 In the nineteenth century, during the early years of nurse training schools, student nurses usually had classes during which of the following times?In 3 month blocks every year.After their 12 hr shift on the wards.On their day off from clinical work.After their 6 hr shift on the wards.
5 Which of the following professional nursing organizations was NOT one of the first nursing organizations?American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses—now the NLN.Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing—now Sigma.National Organization of Public Health Nurses.Nurses' Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada—now the ANA.
6 Which scientific discovery came first?Anesthesia.X‐Rays.Antisepsis.Penicillin.
7 What was one outcome of the Hill‐Burton Act of 1946?More nurses were needed.More acute care patients were admitted to hospitals.Hospital insurance could be more readily obtained.Fewer Medicaid recipients were admitted to hospitals.
8 After World War II, several factors converged to worsen the nursing shortage. Which of the following was NOT a factor?Nurses wanted to leave nursing to get married.Military nurses didn't wish to return to the constraints and rules of civilian nursing.Nurses wanted to have children and start a family that had been delayed by the war.The military wounded required an infusion of nurses to care for them.
9 The early associate degree programs in nursing took about how long to complete?Two years to complete.Three years, like the length of the diploma programs, to complete.Two years plus however long the general education courses took to complete.One year to complete.
10 Lillian Wald was primarily considered to be which of the following?Nurse educator.Nurse midwife.Public health nurse.Nurse administrator.
REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS
1 Answer: C is correct.Rationale: During the Great Depression of the 1930s graduate nurses were unable to obtain private duty work. It was cheaper for hospitals to employ trained nurses rather than run a nurse training school. Medical care was becoming more complex but this was not the direct cause of the change from private duty to hospital nursing (A). Student nurses did not carry liability insurance at this time (B) and this was before the move of most nursing education to colleges and universities (D).
2 Answer: B is correct.Rationale: The text