today?
One could argue that nurses practiced more autonomously at the turn of the last century and one could argue the opposite, that nurses are more autonomous today. What are justifications for both positions?
Understanding context is essential for attempting to accurately interpret historical events. Think of a few instances where knowledge of context is imperative. For example, nurses administered anesthesia during the American Civil War. The context of war is necessary to appreciate that nurses did not usually administer anesthetics during the 1860s.
How will knowing some nursing history impact your patient care, including your future career choices?
REFERENCES
1 American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (2017). Annual report. Retrieved from www.aacnnursing.org/Portals/42/Publications/Annual-Reports/AnnualReport17.pdf
2 American Medical Assocation. (1937). Hospital service in the United States sixteenth annual presentation of hospital data by the Council of Medicsa Education and Hospitals of the American Medical Association. Journal of the American Medical Association, 108(13), 1035–1059. doi:10.1001/jama.1937.02780130019007
3 American Nurses Association. (2015). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. Silver Spring, MD: Carter Lucas. http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiuo.ark:/13960/t21c1w69m&view=1up&seq=6
4 Brainard, A. (1922). Evolution of public health nursing. In F. Billings & J. S. Hurd (Eds.), Hospitals, dispensaries, and nursing. New York: Carter Lucas. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiuo.ark:/13960/t21c1w69m&view=1up&seq=6
5 Brown, E. L. (1948). Nursing for the future. New York: Russell Sage.
6 Buhler‐Wilkerson, K. (2001). No place like home. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins.
7 Burgess, M. A. (1928). Nurses, patients, and pocketbooks. New York: The Committee.
8 Burgess, W. K. (1990). This beautiful charity: Evolution of the Visiting Nurse Association of Chicago 1889–1920. University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI Unpublished doctoral dissertation. (Filed with VNA Collection, Box 11).
9 Clark Hine, D. (1989). Black women in white. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
10 Committee on the Grading of Nursing Schools. (1934). Nursing schools today and tomorrow. New York: The Committee.
11 Donahue, M. P. (2011). Nursing. The finest art (3rd ed.). Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby.
12 Draper, E. (1894). The necessity of an American Nurses' Association. In J. Billings & H. M. Hurd (Eds.), Hospitals, dispensaries, and nursing, international congress of charities, correction and philanthropy, section III, Chicago, 1893. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press.
13 Dunphy, L. M. (2001). “The steel cocoon”. Tales of nurses and patients of the iron lung‐1955. Nursing History Review, 9, 3–33.
14 Evenden, D. (2000). The midwives of seventeenth‐century London. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
15 Fee, E., & Garofalo, M. E. (2010). Florence Nightingale and the Crimean war. American Journal of Public Health, 100, 1591.
16 Fitzpatrick, L. (1985). Oral history interview with Anne Zimmerman. Midwest Nursing History Research Center Archives. Chicago, IL: University of Illinois at Chicago.
17 Garfinkel, S. (1990). “This trial was sent in love and mercy for my refinement”: A Quaker woman's experience of breast cancer surgery in 1814. New Jersey Folklife, 15, 18–31.
18 Gelbart, N. R. (1998). The king's midwife. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
19 Gerard, S. O., Kazer, M. W., Babington, L., & Quell, T. T. (2014). Past, present, and future trends of master's education in nursing. Journal of Professional Nursing, 30, 326–332.
20 Goldman, M. (1987). Lister ward. Bristol & Boston: Hilger.
21 Grace, H. K. (1978). The development of doctoral education in nursing in historical perspective. Journal of Nursing Education, 17(4), 17–27.
22 Hampton, I. A. (1893). Nursing. Its principles and practice. Philadelphia: Saunders.
23 Hawthorne, R. (1896). Mrs. Mary Watson (Notes). Rose Hawthorne Lathrop Papers, Dominican Sisters of Hawthorne Archives, Hawthorne, New York.
24 Helmstadter, C. (2007). Florence Nightingale's opposition to state registration of nurses. Nursing History Review, 15, 155–166.
25 Helmstadter, C., & Godden, J. (2011). Nursing before nightingale, 1815–1899. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
26 Holland, M. G. (1998). Our army nurses. Minnesota: Edinborough Press.
27 Holme, A. (2015). Big ideas. Why history matters to nursing. Nurse Education Today, 35, 635–637.
28 Im, E., & Chang, S. J. (2012). Current trends in nursing theories. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 44, 156–164.
29 Johnson, D. E. (1959). A philosophy of nursing. Nursing Outlook, 7, 198–200.
30 Kandel, E. (1920). Report, price series. Letter from Gardner to Morgan. Retrieved from www.google.com/search?hl=en&tbm=bks&sxsrf=ALeKk03dhhh2daKEuLGeBK3yj1BxftGNQA%3A1590600122963&ei=uqHOXvK5OoLSsAWL4rGgBQ&q=gardner+1920+nursing&oq=gardner+1920+nursing&gs_l=psy-ab.3…2855.4367.0.4499.8.7.0.0.0.0.325.602.2-1j1.2.0….0…1c.1.64.psy-ab..6.0.0….0.KwHHl0RDFd0
31 Keeling, A. W., Hehman, M. C., & Kirchgessner, J. C. (2018). History of professional nursing in the United States. New York: Springer.
32 Lewenson, S. L. (2004). Integrating nursing history into the curriculum. Journal of Professional Nursing, 20, 374–380.
33 Lusk, B. (1997). What values drive nursing science? Reflections, 23(3), 46–47.
34 Lusk, B. (2000). Pretty and powerless: Nurses in advertisements, 1930‐1950. Research in Nursing and Health, 23, 229–236.
35 Lusk, B. (2001). M. Helena McMillan. In R. L. Schultz & A. Hast (Eds.), Women building Chicago, 1790‐1990 (pp. 573–575). Indiana: Indiana University Press.
36 Lusk, B. (2002). The image of trained nursing in lay magazines. Nursing History Review, 10, 109–125.
37 Lusk, B., & Robertson, J. (2005). U.S. organized medicine's perspective of nursing: A review of JAMA, 1883‐1935. In S. McGann & B. Mortimer's (Eds.), New directions in the history of nursing (pp. 86–108). New York: Routledge.
38 Lusk, B., Keeling, A. W., & Lewenson, S. B. (2016). Using nursing history to inform decision making: Infectious diseases at the turn of the twentieth century. Nursing Outlook, 64, 170–178.
39 Lusk, B., Cockerham, A. Z., & Keeling, A. W. (2019). Highlights from the history of advanced practice nursing in the United States. In M. F. Tracy & E. T. O'Grady (Eds.), Hamric and Hanson's advanced practice nursing (pp. 1–24). MO: Elsevier.
40 Maggs, C. (1996). A history of nursing: A history of caring? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 23, 630–635.
41 McDermott, K. W., Elixhauser, A., & Sun, R. (2017). Trends in hospital inpatient stays in the United States, 2005–2014. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, AHRQ, Statistical Brief #225.
42 Montag, M. L. (1959). Community college education for nursing. New York: McGraw Hill.
43 Montag, M. L. (1963). Technical education in nursing? The American Journal of Nursing, 63, 100–103.
44 Noyes, C. D. (1912). The midwifery problem. American Journal of Nursing, 12, 466–471.
45 Orsolini‐Hain, L., & Waters, V. (2009). Education evolution: A historical perspective of associate degree nursing. Journal of Nursing Education, 48, 266–271.
46 Richards, L. (1911). Reminiscences of America's first trained nurse. Boston, MA: Whitcomb & Barrows.
47 Robb, W. J. W. (2005). The ABCs of nursing doctoral degrees. Dimensions