Underwater Inspection and Repair for Offshore Structures. Gerhard Ersdal

An imperfection or discontinuity that may be detectable by non‐destructive testing FRP Fiber Reinforced Polymer FSU Floating storage units FSO Floating storage and offloading units FPSO Floating production, storage and offloading units Flooded member detection (FMD) Inspection technique that relies on the detection of water penetrating a member by using radiographic or ultrasonic methods GMAW Gas Metal Arc Welding Gross errors Significant errors, mistakes and omissions in the form of anomaly or defects that may lead to local or global failures Grout A mixture of cementitious materials and water, with or without aggregate, to fill cavities and components to form a solid mass when set GTAW Gas Tungsten Arc Welding GVI General visual inspection (type of inspection) HAZ Heat affected zone related to welding Hazard Situations with potential for human injury, damage to the environment, damage to property, or a combination of these High Strength Steels (HSS) Steels with yield strengths in excess of 500 MPa Hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) or hydrogen induced stress cracking (HISC) The process by which hydride‐forming metals such as steel become brittle and fracture due to the introduction and subsequent diffusion of hydrogen into the metal Inspection programme Scope of work for the offshore execution of the inspection activities to determine the condition and configuration of the structure Integrity The state of the structure, ideally being fit for service, and with an acceptable level of safety against failure Integrity management Continuous process to manage all changes that will occur during operational life that may affect the integrity of structures and marine systems Jack‐ups Mobile offshore unit with a buoyant hull and legs that can be moved up and down relative to the hull JIP Joint Industry Project, usually in research and development Kenter shackle A device for joining two chain links as a repair KPI Key performance indicator, measurement of performance against targets Life extension The use of structures beyond their originally defined design life Limit state A state beyond which the structure no longer fulfils the relevant design criteria Management of change (MoC) A recognised process that is required when significant changes are made to an activity or process which can affect performance and risk Marine fouling (growth) Seaweed, bacteria and other living organisms in the seawater typically adhering to immersed surfaces such as offshore structures, which may build up to significant thicknesses Metocean Syllabic abbreviation of meteorology and (physical) oceanography Microbiologically induced cracking (MIC) A form of degradation that can occur as a result of the metabolic activities of bacteria in the environment. The bacteria that cause MIC can accelerate the corrosion process because the conditions that apply already have elements of a corrosion cell MIG Metal Inert Gas Mitigation Limitation of negative consequence or reduction in likelihood of a hazardous event or condition MMA Manual Metal Arc MPI Magnetic Particle Inspection (type of inspection) Mudmat A structure used to prevent offshore structures from sinking into soft unconsolidated soil on the seabed. NDE Non‐Destructive Examination NDT Non‐Destructive Testing Node Joining point for brace members in a jacket‐type structure Non‐redundant Structure that fails when the first primary structural member fails OPB Out‐of‐Plane Bending Partial safety factor (for materials) factor that takes into account unfavourable deviation of strength from the characteristic value and inaccuracies in determining the actual strength of the material (for loads) factor that takes into account the possible deviation of the actual loads from the characteristic value and inaccuracies in the load determination Passive fire protection (PFP) Coatings used on critical areas that could be affected by a jet fire. There are several different types, which include cementitious and epoxy intumescent based