Increase of adhesion molecules, fibrinogen, type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor and orosomucoid in growth hormone deficient adults and their modulation by recombinant human GH replacement. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000;52:543–548.
63Sartorio A, Cattaneo M, Bucciarelli P, et al: Alterations of haemostatic and fibrinolytic markers in adult patients with growth hormone deficiency and with acromegaly. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2000;108:486–492.
64Sesmilo G, Biller BM, Lievadot J, Hayden D, Hanson G, Rifai N, Klibanski A: Effects of growth hormone administration on inflammation and other cardiovascular risk markers in men with growth hormone deficiency, a randomized, controlled, clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 2000;133:111–122.
65Sesmilo G, Biller BM, Lievadot J, Hayden D, Hanson G, Rifai N, Klibanski A: Effects of growth hormone (GH) administration on homocysteine levels in men with GH deficiency: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:1518–1524.
66Johansson JO, Landin K, Johansson G, Tengborn L, Bengtsson BA: Long treatment with growth hormone decreases plasminogen activator inhibitor and tissue plasminogen activator in growth hormone deficient adults. Thromb Haemost 1996;76:422–428.
67Devin JK, Blevins LS, Verity DK, Chen Q, Bloodworth JR, Covington J, Vaughan DE: Markedly impaired fibrinolytic balance contributes to cardiovascular risk in adults with growth hormone deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:3633–3639.
68Di Minno MN, Palmieri V, Lombardi G, Pezzulo S, Cirillo F, Di Somma C, Valle D, Di Minno G: Lack of change in insulin levels as a biological marker of PAI-1 lowering in GH-deficient adults on r-HGH replacement therapy. Thromb Res 2009;124:711–713.
69Miljic D, Miljic P, Doknic M, Pekic S, M Stojanovic, Cvijovic G, Micic D, Popovic V: Growth hormone replacement normalizes impaired fibrinolysis: new insights into endothelial dysfunction in patients with hypopituitarism and growth hormone deficiency. Growth Horm IGF Res 2013;23:243–248.
70Mc Callum RW, Sainsbury CA, Spiers A, et al: Growth hormone replacement induces decrease of C-reactive protein and large artery stiffness but does not alter endothelial function in patients with adult growth hormone deficiency. Clin Endocrinol 2005;62:473–479.
71Bollerslev J, Ueland T, Jørgenssen AP, et al: Positive effects of a physiological dose of GH on markers of atherogenesis: a placebo-controlled study in patients with adult-onset GH deficiency. Eur J Endocrinol 2006;154:537–543.
72Colao A, Marzullo C, Di Somma C, Lombardi G: Growth hormone and the heart. Clin Endocrinol 2001;54:137–154.
73Widdowson WM, Gibney J: The effect of growth hormone replacement on exercise capacity in patients with GH deficiency: a meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:4413–4417.
74Nass R, Huber RM, Klauss V, Muller OA, Schopohl J, Strasbubrger CJ: Effect of growth hormone (hGH) replacement therapy on physical work capacity and cardiac and plumonary function in patients with GH deficiency acquired in adulthood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:552–557.
75Cenci MC, Soares DV, Spina LD, de Lima Oliviera Brasil RR, Lobo PM, Mansur VA, Gold J, Michmacher E, Vaisman M, Conceicao FL: Effects of 5 years of growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy on cardiac parameters and physical performance in adults with GH deficiency. Pituitary 2009;12:322–329.
76Thomas JD, Dattani A, Zemrak F, Burchell T, Akker SA, Gurnell M, Grossman AB, Davies LC, Korbonits M: Characterization of myocardial structure and function in adult- onset growth hormone deficiency using cardiac magnetic resonance. Endocrine 2016;54:778–787.
77Elgzyri T, Castenfors J, Hagg E, Backman C, Thoren M, Bramnert M: The effects of GH replacement therapy on cardiac morphology and function, exercise capacity and serum lipids in elderly patients with GH deficiency. Clin Endocrinol 2004;61:113–122.
78Andersson M, Faber J, Kjaer A, Petersen CL, Kristiansen LO: Cardiac function in growth hormone deficient patients before and after 1 year with replacement therapy: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Pituitary 2011;14:1–10.
79Klose M, Jonsson B, Abs R, Popovic V, Koltowska-Häggström M, Saller B, Feldt-Rasmunssen U, Kourides I: From isolated GH deficiency to multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies: an evolving continuum – a KIMS analysis. Eur J Endocrinol 2009;161:S75–S83.
80Melmed S: Idiopathic adult growth hormone deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:2187–2197.
81Nishikawa H, Iguchi G, Murawaki A, Fukoka H, Hayashi Y, Kaji H, Yamamoto M, Suda K, Takahashi M,Seo Y, Yano Y, Kitazawa R, Kitazawa S, Koga M, Okimura Y,Chihara K, Takahashi Y: Nonalcocholic fatty liver disease in adult hypopituitary patients with GH deficiency and the impact of GH replacement therapy. Eur J Endocrinol 2012;167:67–74.
82Fan Y, Menon RK, Cohen P, Hwang D, Clemens T, Di Girolamo DJ, Kopchick JJ, Le Rioth D, Trucco M, Sperling MA: Liver-specific deletion of the growth hormone receptor reveals essential role of growth hormone signaling in hepatic lipid metabolism. J Biol Chem 2009;284:19937–19944.
83Sos BC, Harris C, Nordstrom SM, Tran JL, Balazs M, Caplazi P, Febbraio M, Applegate MA, wagner KU, Weiss EJ: Abrogation of growth hormone secretion rescues fatty liver in mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of JAK2. J Clin Invest 2011;121:1412–1423.
84Barclay JI, Nelson CN, Ishikawa M, Murry LA, Kerr LM, McPhee TR, Powell EE, Waters MJ: GH dependent STAT5 signaling plays an important role in hepatic lipid metabolism. Endocrinology 2011;152:181–192.
85Sobrevals L, Rodriguez C, Romero-Trevejo JL, Gondi G, Monreal I, Paneda A, Juanarena N, Arclus S, Rasquin N, Guembe I, Gonsalez-Aseguinolaza G, Prieto J, Fortes P: Insulin like growth factor-1 gene transfer to cirrhotic liver induces fibrinolysis and reduces fibrinogenesis leading to cirrhosis reversion in rats. Hepatology 2010;51:912–921.
86Swords FM, Caroll PV, Kisalu J, Wood PJ, Taylor NF, Monson JP: The effects of growth hormone deficiency and replacement on glucocorticoid exposure in hypopituitary patients on cortisone acetate and hydrocortisone replacement. Clin Endocrinol 2003;59:613–620.
87Fleseriu M, Hashim IA, Karavitaki N, Melmed S, Murad MH, Salvatori R, Samuels MH: Hormonal replacement in hypopituitarism in adults: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016;101:3888–3921.