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Metabolic Syndrome Consequent to Endocrine Disorders


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href="#ulink_da222c16-184c-5064-b8c3-47fe88f552ae">22].

      Sex Steroids and Metabolic Phenotype

      Testosterone and GH exert similar effects on body composition and physical function. They also act together in augmenting each other’s effects. In men with hypopituitarism, concomitant GH and testosterone replacement are needed to achieve optimal effects. The adverse effects are however more frequent when co-administered and for this reason stepwise introduction of GH and testosterone replacement with gradual dose adjustment is advised [25].

      Newer Data on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Outcome in Patients with Hypopituitarism on Long-Term GHRT

      Conclusion

      We should realize the cumulative effect of dysfunction of multiple pituitary hormonal axes on adverse metabolic and cardiovascular disease profile. We should also understand the challenges in pituitary replacement therapy and interaction between hormones used for replacement in hypopituitarism (e.g. excessive HC coupled with suboptimal treatment of other pituitary hormone deficiencies) and how this may contribute to the adverse cardiometabolic milieu. Pro-active treatment of all associated cardiometabolic comorbidities and risk factors is also advocated as well as the regular risk assessment and re-evaluation during the long-term follow-up.

      References