Emer de Vattel

The Law of Nations


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The nation may alienate her public property,

       258. Duties of the nation in that respect,

       259. Duties of the prince,

       260. He cannot alienate the public property,

       261. The nation may give him a right to do it,

       262. Rules on that subject with respect to treaties between nation and nation,

       263. Alienation of a part of the state,

       264. Rights of the dismembered party,

       265. Whether the prince has power to dismember the state,

       CHAPTER XXII Of Rivers, Streams, and Lakes.

       266. A river that separates two territories,

       267. Bed of a river which is dried up or takes another course,

       268. Right of alluvion,

       269. Whether alluvion produces any change in the right to river,

       270. Consequence of a river changing its bed,

       271. Works tending to turn the current,

       272. or generally prejudicial to the rights of others,

       273. Rules relative to interfering rights,

       274. Lakes,

       275. Increase of a lake,

       276. Land formed on the banks of a lake,

       277. Bed of a lake dried up,

       278. Jurisdiction over lakes and rivers,

       CHAPTER XXIII Of the Sea.

       279. The sea, and its use, <xxxi>

       280. Whether the sea can be possessed, and its dominion appropriated,

       281. Nobody has a right to appropriate to himself the use of the open sea,

       282. A nation attempting to exclude another, does her an injury,

       283. She even does an injury to all nations,

       284. She may acquire an exclusive right by treaties,

       285. but not by prescription and long use,

       286. unless by virtue of a tacit agreement,

       287. The sea near the coasts may become property,

       288. Another reason for appropriating the sea bordering on the coasts,

       289. How far that possession may extend,

       290. Shores and ports,

       291. Bays and straits,

       292. Straits in particular,

       293. Right to wrecks,

       294. A sea inclosed within the territories of a nation,

       295. The parts of the sea possessed by a sovereign are within his jurisdiction,

       BOOK II Of a Nation considered in her Relation to other States.

       CHAPTER I Of the common Duties of a Nation towards other States, or the Offices of Humanity between Nations.

       1. Foundation of the common and mutual duties of nations,

       2. Offices of humanity, and their foundation,

       3. General principle of all the mutual duties of nations,

       4. Duties of a nation for the preservation of others,

       5. She is bound to assist a nation afflicted with famine or any other calamity,

       6. She is bound to contribute to the perfection of other states,

       7. but not by force,

       8. The right to require the offices of humanity,

       9. The right of judging whether they are to be granted,

       10. A nation is not to compel another to perform those offices of which the refusal is no wrong,

       11. Mutual love of nations,

       12. Each nation is bound to cultivate the friendship of others,

       13. to perfect herself with a view to the advantage of others, and to set them good examples,

       14. to take care of their glory,

       15. Difference of religion ought not to preclude the offices of humanity,