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The Esophagus


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       Marc S. Levine and Stephen E. Rubesin

       Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

      As the population continues to age, pharyngeal disorders have become an increasingly common problem in modern medical practice. Many patients have swallowing dysfunction caused by neurologic conditions such as dementia or strokes, whereas others have morphologic lesions such as pharyngeal carcinoma or Zenker’s diverticulum. The videofluoroscopic examination is a valuable technique for demonstrating a wide range of functional and structural lesions of the pharynx in these