2.5 Conclusions
The characterization of natural ingredients including biocompounds eco-friendly extracted from undervaluated non-traditional sources will be an attractive topic in medicinal, food and even in cosmetic industries.
Many nontraditional unexploited sources of bioactive compounds, such as native botanicals, by products and wastes from agroindustrial production have been presented. However, some aspects should be overcome before they could be effectively employed for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical or cosmetic applications, which comprise:
1 a) The implementation of adequate extraction techniques, which not only reduce time and save operational costs, but also allow to assess complete bioactive release from the vegetable matrices. Research has to be done also for the transference of these technologies from laboratory to industrial scale.
2 b) The standardization of analytical procedures for evaluating the pursued functions, with adequate interlaboratory comparisons. At this point, it is important to clearly indicate the expression of bioactives concentrations. We suggest to do that on dry basis of the original material.
3 c) The availability of conservation techniques for bioactives and adequate coating materials, which are important strategies to increase the possibilities of the industrial application of natural components, allowing the modification of release kinetics.
4 d) The use of multivariate methods, which allow interpreting data represented in the multiple variables that include analytical results and samples composition and conditions.
Other important issues for nutraceuticals or pharmaceuticals development, are the definition of effective dose or maximum daily allowance for a given bioactive and the effective absorption and distribution of the bioactives in the body, which requires the performance of digestibility tests.
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge Red Temática CYTED, Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo 415RT0495 (LACFUN) and to PDTS CIN_CONICET 0196 Project.
Abbreviations
| CYTED | Iberoamerican Program of Science and Technology for Development |
| GG | guar gum |
| ECG | Espina corona seed gum |
| VG | vinal seed gum |
| PAEG | Prosopis alba exudate gum |
| ANMAT | Argentine National Administration of Drugs, Food and Medical Technology |
| OE | Oleuropein |
| OLE | olive leaves extracts |
| LPH | lactase florocin hydrolase |
| HT | hydroxytyrosol |
| UAE | ultrasound assited extraction |
| EAE | enzymes assisted extraction |
| MAE | microwaves assisted extraction |
| DMAE | Dynamic microwave assisted extraction |
| EUMAE | Enzyme-based ultrasonic/microwave-assisted extraction |
| CDs | cyclodextrins |
| DPPH | diphenyl picryl hydrazyl |
| ABTS | 2,2-azinobis 3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic |
| TP | total phenols |
| AA | antioxidant activity |
| K | Kardinal |
| GG | Gran Gala |
| KR | King’s Ransom |
| CC | Cristóbal Colón |
| FRAP | ferrric reducing |
| CUPRAC | cupric reducing antioxidant capacity |
| ORAC | oxygen radical absorbance capacity |
| TLC | Thin layer chromatography |
| RR | Rapistrum rugosum |
| SA | Sinapis arvensis |
| HRMS | high resolution mass spectroscopy |
| BSA | bovine serum albumin |
| PBS | phosphate buffered saline solution |
| AGEs | advanced glycosilation end products |
| CEL | Nε-carboxyethyllysine |
| CML | Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine |
| HPLC | hight performance liquid chromatography (DAD: is with diode array detection) |
| FPI | Flaxseed protein |
| FG | flaxseed gum |
| GE | Gelatine |
| SA | sodium alginate |
| GDL | glucono-β-lactone |
| MVA | Multivariate analysis |
| PCA | principal component analysis |
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