(β-cyclodextrin-poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) and water bath at 50°C for 25 min., addition of sodium sulfate for polymer condensation purposes, and desorption with 200 μL ethyl acetate by sonication for 15 min.
GC-MS
|
0.021–0.350 μg/L
|
82.2–105.6% at 5, 100, and 600 μg/L
|
One sample of each water were analyzed and all PAEs were found at levels from 0.14 to 4.97 μg/L
|
Ethyl acetate showed higher extraction efficiency than hexane, acetone and dichloromethane as desorption solvent.
|
[74]
|
|
BBP, DBEP, DIPP, DNPP, DCHP, DEHP, DNOP, DINP, and DEHA
|
Milli-Q, pond, tap and waste waters (50 mL)
|
dSPE using 120 mg Basolite* F300 MOF and shaking for 5 min, vacuum-dried using a SPE column for 30 min, and elution with 15-mL ACN
|
HPLC-MS
|
0.022–0.069 μg/L
|
70–118% at 0.375 and 1.875 μg/L
|
Eight samples were analyzed and residues of DEHP were found at levels from 0.21 ± 0.26 to 4.04 ± 0.23 (_ig/L in all samples
|
ACN showed higher extraction efficiency than dichloromethane, acetone, cyclohexane and MeOH as elution solvent
|
[25]
|
|
DMP, DEP, DPP, DIBP, DBP, DNPP, DHXP, BBP, DEHP, DHP, DCHP, DPhP and DNOP
|
Drinking water (200 mL)
|
m-dSPE using 20 mg MWCNTs-m-NPs under agitation for 2 min, a magnet was used for decantation, and elution with 1 mL toluene–acetone (1:4, v/v)
|
GC-MS/MS
|
0.03–0.1 μg/L
|
86.6-100.2% at 5 μg/L
|
Three samples were analyzed and no residues were detected
|
Toluene showed higher extraction efficiency than acetone, MeOH, hexane and ethyl acetate as elution solvent. To reduce the toxicity of toluene, different proportions toluene-acetone (1:1, 1:4 and 1:9, v/v) were tested and the mix toluene–acetone (1:4, v/v) gave similar results
|
[76]
|
|
DEP, DPP, DBP, DCP, and DEHP
|
Bottled and river waters (300 mL)
|
m-dSPE using 25 mg G-Fe3O4 under 3 4 agitation for 15 min, a magnet was used for decantation, and elution (in triplicate) with 0.5 mL acetone by vortex for 10 s
|
HPLC-UV
|
0.03–0.1 μg/L
|
80.0–106.0% at 0.5 and 5 μg/L
|
One sample of each water were analyzed and residues of DBP and DEHP were found at 0.12 and 0.15 μg/L, respectively, in the river water sample
|
Acetone showed higher extraction efficiency than MeOH and ACN as elution solvent. Coca-Cola and green tea samples were also analyzed
|
[78]
|
|
DMP, DEP, DAP, DIBP, and BBP
|
River, reservoir and sea waters (300 mL)
|
m-dSPE using 36 mg layered carbon-Fe3O4 under agitation for 10 min, a magnet was used for decantation, and elution (in triplicate) with 0.5 mL acetone by vortex for 10 s
|
HPLC-UV
|
0.27–0.33 μg/L
|
88.0–104.7% at 5 and 10 μg/L
|
One sample of each water were analyzed and residues of DAP and DIBP were found at 0.52 and 0.86 μg/L, respectively, in the river water sample
|
Acetone showed higher extraction efficiency than MeOH and ACN as elution solvent
|
[26]
|
|
DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, DMEP, BMPP, DEEP, DNPP, DHXP, BBP, DBEP, DCHP, DEHP, DIPP, DNOP, and DNP
|
Mineral and tap waters (9.8 mL plus 0.2 mL MeOH)
|
m-dSPE using 0.1 mL suspension of MWCNTs-m-NPs in water (40 mg/ml) under vortex for 3 min, a magnet was used for decantation, and elution with 1 mL acetone
|
GC-MS
|
0.016–0.13 μg/L
|
79.6–125.6% at 5 μg/L
|
Two mineral and 1 tap water samples were analyzed and contained at least 3 PAEs at levels from 0.36 to 3.3 μg/L
|
Acetone showed higher extraction efficiency than MeOH, ethyl acetate and hexane as elution solvent. Juice and carbonated drinks, and one perfume sample were also analyzed
|
[77]
|
|
DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, DEHP, BBP, and DNOP
|
River and pond waters (10 mL)
|
m-dSPE using 20 mg G-Fe3O4 under vortex for 15 min, a magnet was used for decantation, and elution with 0.4 mL ethyl acetate and 0.5 g anhydrous sodium sulfate by sonication for 15 min
|
GC-MS
|
0.035–0.19 μg/L
|
88–110% at 10,000 μg/L
|
One sample of each water were analyzed and residues of all PAEs except DMP were found at levels from 22.2 to 150.8 μg/L
|
Ethyl acetate showed higher extraction efficiency than acetone and chloroform as elution solvent
|
[79]
|
|
DMP, DEP, DBP, BBP, and DNOP
|
River, tap and mineral waters (20 mL)
|
m-dSPE using 20 mg Fe3O4-ZIF-8 MOF under sonication for 8 min, a magnet was used for decantation, and elution with 1 mL MeOH by sonication for 8 min
|
HPLC-DAD
|
0.3–0.8 μg/L
|
85.6–103.6% at 1, 10, and 100 μg/L
|
One sample of each water were analyzed and at least 2 PAEs at levels from 5 to 60 μg/L were detected in the river and tap water samples
|
Methanol showed higher extraction efficiency than ACN, chloroform and tetrahydrofuran as elution solvent
|
[85]
|
|
DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, DEHP, BBP, DNOP, DMEP, DEEP, DNPP, BMPP, DHXP, DBEP, DCHP, DPhP, and DINP
|
Tap and lake waters (20 mL)
|
m-dSPE using 20 mg Fe3O4-polypyrrole under agitation for 40 min, a magnet was used for decantation, and elution with 2 mL ethyl acetate by sonication for 60 min
|
GC-MS
|
0.018–0.068 μg/L
|
80.4–108.2% at 5 and 100 μg/L
|
One sample of each water were analyzed and at least 5 PAEs at levels from 0.10 to 6.90 μg/L were detected
|
An orthogonal fraction factorial design was used for optimization purposes. Ethyl acetate showed higher extraction efficiency than acetone and isopropanol as elution solvent
|
[81]
|
|
DEP, DPP, DBP, DIPP, DNPP, BBP, DCHP, DEHP, DNOP, DINP, DIDP and DEHA
|
Mineral, tap, pond and waste waters (25 mL adjusted at pH 6)
|
m-dSPE using 60 mg Fe3O4-PDA under agitation for 1 min, a magnet was used for decantation, and elution with 6 mL dichloromethane by agitation for 30 s
|
GC-MS/MS
|
0.009–0.02 μg/L
|
71–120% at 0.5 and 5 μg/L
|
One sample of each water were analyzed and residues of DEP and DBP were found at levels from 0.36 ± 0.46 to 4.20 ± 0.52 μg/L in the mineral, tap and waste waters
|
Dichloromethane showed higher extraction efficiency than acetone, MeOH and ACN as elution solvent
|
[22]
|
|
DMP, DEP, BBP, and DBP
|
