8.6 Conversion of Glycerol 8.7 Lignin Depolymerization 8.8 Scale‐up of Electrosynthesis of Biomass‐Derived Chemicals 8.9 Conclusions and Perspectives References 9 Biomass Processing via Photochemical Means 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Fundamental Aspects of Photoredox Catalysis 9.3 Photochemical Valorization of Lignin 9.4 Conclusions and Perspectives References Note 10 Biomass Processing via Microwave Treatment 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Microwave–Matter Interaction: Advantages and Limitations in the Processing of Biomass 10.3 Microwave Pyrolysis 10.4 Microwave‐assisted Hydrolysis 10.5 Microwave‐assisted Extraction of Phytochemical Compounds 10.6 Conclusions and Perspectives References 11 Biomass Processing Assisted by Ultrasound 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Ultrasound Background 11.3 Ultrasound‐Assisted Biomass Pretreatments 11.4 Ultrasound‐Assisted Biomass Conversion 11.5 Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction of Value‐Added Compounds 11.6 Alternative Solvents 11.7 Conclusions and Perspectives References 12 Biomass Processing via Mechanochemical Means 12.1 Overview and Introduction 12.2 Crystallinity Reduction in Biopolymers via Mechanochemistry 12.3 Mechanochemical Transformations of Polysaccharides 12.4 Mechanochemical Transformations of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Materials 12.5 Mechanochemical Treatment of Lignin 12.6 Biominerals from Mechanochemical Processing of Biomass 12.7 Conclusions and Perspectives References
10 Section IV: Closing Remarks 13 Industrial Perspectives of Biomass Processing 13.1 Replacing Existing Petrochemicals with Alternatives from Biomass: An Introduction 13.2 Oleochemical Biorefinery: A Consolidated and Multifaceted Example of Biomass Processing 13.3 From Sugar to Bio‐monomers: The Case of 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid (FDCA) 13.4 From Bioethanol to Rubber: The Synthesis of Bio‐butadiene 13.5 Conclusions and Perspectives References
11 Index
List of Tables
1 Chapter 1Table 1.1 Key examples of the possible bio‐based products, state‐of‐the‐art p...Table 1.2 Advantages and disadvantages of pretreatment methods for lignocellu...
2 Chapter 2Table 2.1 Conditions and results of the acid‐catalyzed processing of cellulos...Table 2.2 Conditions and results of the acid‐catalyzed processing of cellulos...
3 Chapter 3Table 3.1 Summary of catalytic reaction performance of glycerol carbonylation...
4 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Catalysts for the hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol.Table 4.2 Catalysts for the hydrogenation of furfural or furfuryl alcohol to ...Table 4.3 Catalysts for the hydrogenation of furfural to pentanediols.Table 4.4 Catalysts for the hydrogenation of furfural to 2‐methylfuran.Table 4.5 Catalysts for the oxidative esterification of furfural.Table 4.6 Catalytic hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of HMF over (bi)metallic...Table 4.7 Catalysts for the oxidation of HMF to FDCA.
5 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Typical pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for chemicals.
6 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Comparison of growth rate of different MMC consortia and related vo...Table 7.2 50% Inhibition concentrations (IC50) expressed in mg/l of 27 pyroly...Table 7.3 Survey of literature about biological conversion of PyP.
7 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Main factors influencing the selectivity of an electrochemical reac...Table 8.2 List of commercial and pilot processes for conversion of bio‐based ...
8 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Microwave ISM (i.e. available for industrial, scientific and medic...Table 10.2 Room temperature dielectric properties (expressed as tan δ) a...Table 10.3 Comparison between the decomposition temperatures for several biom...Table 10.4 Existing markets for the fermentation products resulting from acid...
9 Chapter 11Table 11.1 Selected examples of ultrasound‐assisted pretreatments of lignocel...Table 11.2 Some examples of ultrasound‐assisted conversions from lignocellulo...Table 11.3 Some examples of ultrasound‐assisted extraction of high‐value‐adde...
10 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Comparison of reductions in crystallinity index (CrI) for cellulos...
11 Chapter 13Table 13.1 Comparison of fossil‐based diesel, biodiesel, and green diesel.