bond cleavage in lignin models and...Scheme 9.5 Photocatalytic Cβ—O bond cleavage in oxidized lignin models ...Scheme 9.6 Dual photocatalytic approach for Pd‐catalyzed oxidation of lignin...Scheme 9.7 NHPI‐mediated photocatalytic oxidation of β‐O‐4 lignin model comp...Scheme 9.8 Two‐step photocatalytic lignin model oxidation and Cβ—O bond...Scheme 9.9 DDQ‐[81] and BQ‐mediated [82] photocatalytic oxidation/fragmentat...Scheme 9.10 Photocatalytic approach for Ar—O bond cleavage in β‐O‐4 lignin m...Scheme 9.11 Photocatalytic approach for Ar—O bond cleavage in β–O–4 lignin m...
10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Green chemistry, green engineering, and process intensification ...Figure 10.2 (a) Microwave power penetration depth (Dp) profile expressed as ...Figure 10.3 Microwave pyrolysis enables in situ bio‐oil separation, applicab...Figure 10.4 Flow chart procedure of the microwave‐assisted pyrolysis/steam d...Figure 10.5 The reactor consists of a top cover with necessary holes for tem...Figure 10.6 Effects of activated carbon‐AC loading on bio‐oil composition in...Figure 10.7 Summary of the typical experimental setup employed for (a) micro...Figure 10.8 The MAC‐75 pilot‐scale microwave apparatus for extraction purpos...
11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 General representation of (a) ultrasonic propagation mechanisms ...Figure 11.2 Overview of thermochemical and biochemical conversion routes for...Figure 11.3 Alternative methods with assistance of US for extraction of valu...Figure 11.4 Comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of alternative so...
12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Applications of mechanochemistry. Source: Reproduced from Ref. B...Figure 12.2 Representative milling technologies currently available. The mot...Figure 12.3 Schematic representation of some mechanochemical processes used ...Figure 12.4 Schematic representation of some mechanochemical processes used ...Figure 12.5 Schematic representation of some mechanochemical processes used ...Figure 12.6 Range of compounds produced from mechanochemical processing of b...Figure 12.7 Schematic representation of the production of rice‐husk silica m...
13 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 The Europe's Biorefineries map (on the left side hand): the coun...Scheme 13.1 Most abundant fatty acids found in nature (left side hand) and t...Scheme 13.2 Green diesel production: different reaction pathways through (a)...Figure 13.2 Simplified flow sheet of the Eni‐UOP EcofiningTM process. Source...Scheme 13.3 Simplified reaction scheme of the transformation of an unsaturat...Scheme 13.4 Simplified reaction scheme for the synthesis of azelaic and pela...Scheme 13.5 The value chain from glucose to FDCA.Scheme 13.6 The value chain from bio‐butanol to butadiene.Scheme 13.7 The value chain from bio‐butanediols to butadiene.Scheme 13.8 The value chain from triglycerides to butadiene.Scheme 13.9 The value chain from bioethanol to butadiene.
Guide
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2 Table of Contents
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