even some cats, by aiming ...Figure 3.20 Maxillary canine apex in dog: aim beam towards palpated apex, sl...Figure 3.21 (a) Standard beam positioning for the upper fourth premolar and ...Figure 3.22 Maxillary molars in dog: place sensor/film lengthwise palatally,...Figure 3.23 Mandibular first premolars in dog: with sensor/film in place int...Figure 3.24 Mandibular second and third molars in dog: position sensor/film ...Figure 3.25 Maxillary premolars of cats and brachycephalic dogs: keep mouth ...Figure 3.26 Aim beam from above and caudally, at a slight oblique, so the im...Figure 3.27 (a) Radiograph of right maxillary fourth premolar and first mola...Figure 3.28 A summary of the simple steps to complete when interpreting radi...Figure 3.29 Orient films with the crowns “in the mouth” like a Cheshire cat ...Figure 3.30 Reading a radiograph. With premolars and molars, determine “wher...Figure 3.31 An extraoral film is read in the opposite way: right and left wi...Figure 3.32 If there is extensively ankylosis or resorption of the roots, as...Figure 3.33 Periapical bone loss (halo of osteolucency around an apex) is ge...Figure 3.34 The pulp width of 104 (right) is wide compared to the same tooth...Figure 3.35 Note the pink/purple hue of this dog’s right maxillary canine as...Figure 3.36 Horizontal bone loss occurs with a linear pattern of bone height...Figure 3.37 Vertical bone loss down a tooth root often results in deep infra...Figure 3.38 Some teeth that appear to have classic resorptive lesions displa...Figure 3.39 Odontoclastic lesions (replacement resorption) of feline teeth n...Figure 3.40 When resorption is on the external surface and involving only th...Figure 3.41 Radiographs may give an indication as to the severity of oral ma...Figure 3.42 (a) Presumed gingival enlargement and periodontal disease. (b) F...
4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Calculus forceps.Figure 4.2 Prophy paste, prophy angle, and ultrasonic scaling tip.Figure 4.3 Applying dilute chlorhexidine prior to starting the dental proced...Figure 4.4 Gently use the calculus forceps to dislodge large pieces of calcu...Figure 4.5 Use the side of the ultrasonic scaler head, not the tip.Figure 4.6 The sharp tip of a hand scaler can remove the remaining calculus ...Figure 4.7 Once the calculus is gone, use a probe to identify possible prese...Figure 4.8 Use copious prophy paste and moderate pressure to splay the proph...Figure 4.9 Thoroughly rinse the tooth surfaces.Figure 4.10 Air dry the tooth surfaces to visualize remaining calculus.
5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 (a) Periodontal probe, hand curette (with round end), and W‐3 bea...Figure 5.2 Use of a 12‐fluted bur to recontour areas of mild gingival enlarg...Figure 5.3 (a) Probe inserting into periodontal pocket (5 mm in depth). (b) ...Figure 5.4 (a) Working edge of the curette placed against the tooth surface....Figure 5.5 With a pull stroke down, calculus and debris in the pocket can be...Figure 5.6 The prophy cup foot is splayed to polish the root surface of the ...Figure 5.7 After irrigating all debris and prophy paste off the tooth, a gen...Figure 5.8 Area of redundant tissue between mandibular canines after incisor...Figure 5.9 Make a reverse bevel incision into the proximal tissue, extending...Figure 5.10 Using crown and collar scissors or curettes, debride the pocket ...Figure 5.11 Further debride the now accessible area adjacent to 304, using a...Figure 5.12 Suture the healthy gingival margins with care at the mesial aspe...
6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 (a) 15C scalpel blade, scalpel handle, Molt #2 periosteal elevato...Figure 6.2 Releasing incisions are full thickness, extending through the att...Figure 6.3 The blade can be used to freshen the gingival margin edge before ...Figure 6.4 The tip of the blade can be introduced into the sulcus to release...Figure 6.5 (a) The periosteal elevator is introduced at the edge of the flap...Figure 6.6 (a) The periosteal fibers on the underside of the flap must be ge...Figure 6.7 After the mesial (rostral) incision is made, a distal incision, a...Figure 6.8 With proper release, the mesial corner of the flap can be rotated...Figure 6.9 An incision is made at the distal aspect of the mandibular canine...Figure 6.10 (a) At the caudal extent of the first incision, a Y‐shaped incis...Figure 6.11 An incision at the mesial (rostral) aspect of the mandibular can...Figure 6.12 (a) Distal releasing incision of right mandibular first molar. (...Figure 6.13 Envelope flap to provide access without releasing incisions.Figure 6.14 For periodontal therapy, the releasing incision will be made at ...Figure 6.15 The interdental release is made at the lingual aspect