Energy Storage. Группа авторов

formulated concrete Zhangjiakou 50MW CSG Fresnel project Other 14 hours Solid state formulated concrete

Table 1.3 CSP projects with central receiver (power tower) concepts integrated with thermal energy storage systems.

Power tower CSP projects	Thermal energy storage (TES)	Thermal energy storage capacity	Storage description and material
Atacama-1	2-tank direct	17.5 hours	Molten salt
Aurora Solar Energy Project	2-tank direct	8 hours	Molten salt
Copiapó	2-tank direct	14 hours	Molten salt
Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project (Tonopah)	2-tank direct	10 hours	Molten salt
Dahan Power Plant	Other	1 hour	Saturated steam/oil
DEWA CSP Tower Project	2-tank direct	15 hours	Molten salt
Gemasolar Thermosolar Plant (Gemasolar)	2-tank direct	15 hour(s)	Molten salt
Golden Tower 100MW Molten Salt project	2-tank direct	8 hours	Molten salt
Golmud	2-tank direct	15 hours	Molten salt
Greenway CSP Mersin Tower Plant	Other	4 MW/h	Molten salt
Hami 50 MW CSP Project	2-tank direct	8 hours	Molten salt
Huanghe Qinghai Delingha 135 MW DSG Tower CSP Project	2-tank indirect	3.7 hours	Molten salt
Jemalong Solar Thermal Station	2-tank direct	3 hours	Liquid sodium
Jülich Solar Tower	Other	1.5 hours	Ceramic heat sink
Khi Solar One	Other	2 hours	Saturated steam
Likana Solar Energy Project	2-tank direct	13 hours	Molten salt
MINOS	2-tank indirect	5 hours	Molten salt 60% sodium nitrate and 40% potassium nitrate
NOOR III	2-tank direct	7 hours	Molten salt
Qinghai Gonghe 50 MW CSP Plant	2-tank direct	6 hours	Molten salt
Redstone Solar Thermal Power Plant	2-tank direct	12 hours	Molten salt
Shangyi 50MW DSG Tower CSP project	2-tank indirect	4 hours	Molten salt
Shouhang Dunhuang 10 MW Phase I	2-tank direct	15 hours	Molten salt
Shouhang Dunhuang 100 MW Phase II	2-tank direct	11 hours	Molten salt
SUPCON Delingha 10 MW Tower	2-tank direct	2 hours	Molten salt
SUPCON Delingha 50 MW Tower	2-tank direct	7 hours	Molten salt
Tamarugal Solar Energy Project	2-tank direct	13 hours	Molten salt
Yumen 100MW Molten Salt Tower CSP project	2-tank direct	10 hours	Molten salt
Yumen 50MW Molten Salt Tower CSP project	2-tank direct	6 hours	Molten salt

Gujarat Solar One (Technology Parabolic Trough), a commercial plant developed by Cargo Solar Power, operates at a temperature range of 293ºC-393ºC and 9 hours storage capacity involving molten salt. Extresol-1, a commercial plant in Spain, developed by ACS/Cobra Group, uses storage system of capacity 7.5 hour(s). The storage material is a combination of various materials with 60% sodium nitrate and 40% potassium nitrate. Similarly, a large number of concentrating solar power (CSP) projects with all receiver concepts (except for dish system) use an active two-tank indirect storage system. The summary is listed in Tables 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3.

      1.3.2 Active Single-Tank Thermocline

In a thermocline system, a single tank is used where warm fluid is above colder fluid. These kinds of systems are less expensive than two-tank systems [Figure