rel="nofollow" href="https://www.census.gov/data-tools/demo/idb/informationGateway.php">https://www.census.gov/data-tools/demo/idb/informationGateway.php.
12 12 »World Economic Outlook«, Internationaler Währungsfonds, Stand: Juli 2019, https:// www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2019/07/18/WEOupdateJuly2019.
13 13 »World Economic Outlook«, Internationaler Währungsfonds, April 2019, Anhang A https://www.imf.org/~/media/Files/Publications/WEO/2019/April/English/text.ashx?la=en.
14 14 Dies betrifft das BIP-Wachstum auf Basis von Marktwechselkursen (siehe entsprechende Zeile in der in den Fußnoten 11 und 12 zitierten Tabelle).
15 15 »World Bank Country and Lending Groups«, World Bank https://datahelpdesk.world-bank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups.
16 16 »The Great Emerging-Market Growth Story is Unravelling«, The Financial Times, Juni 2019 https://www.ft.com/content/ad11f624-8b8c-11e9-a1c1-51bf8f989972.
17 17 Siehe die obige IWF-Schätzung für 2019. Für die IIF-Schätzung von Q1 2020, siehe https://www.iif.com/Portals/0/Files/content/Research/Global%20Debt%20Monitor_July2020.pdf.
18 18 »Coronavirus Lifts Government Debt to WWII Levels-Cutting It Won’t Be Easy«, The Wall Street Journal, August 2020, https://www.wsj.com/articles/coronavirus-lifts-government-debt-to-wwii-levelscutting-it-wont-be-easy-11598191201.
19 19 »Resolving Global Debt«: An Urgent Collective Action Cause«, Geoffrey Okamoto, erster stellvertretender geschäftsführender Direktor des IWF, Oktober 2020, https://www.imf.org/en/News/ Artikel/2020/10/01/sp100120-resolving-global-debt-an-urgent-collective-action-cause.
20 20 »Gross Debt Position, % of GDP«, Fiscal Monitor, Internationaler Währungsfonds, April 2020, https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/G_XWDG_G01_GDP_PT@FM/ADVEC/FM_EMG/FM_LIDC.
21 21 »Inflation Rate, Average Consumer Prices, Annual Percent Change, Advanced Economies«, World Economic Outlook, Internationaler Währungsfonds, April 2020, https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/PCPIPCH@WEO/ADVEC/OEMDC.
22 22 Internationaler Währungsfonds, DataMapper, https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/ GGXWDG_NGDP@WEO/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD.
23 23 »Youth Dividend or Ticking Time Bomb?« Africa Renewal, UN, 2017, https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/special-edition-youth-2017/youth-dividend-or-ticking-time-bomb.
24 24 »EMYouth Bulge:A Demographic Dividend or Time Bomb?« Jonathan Wheatley, Financial Times, Mai 2013, https://www.ft.com/content/f08db252-6e84-371d-980a-30ab41650ff2.
25 25 National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Japan, http://www.ipss.go.jp/pp-zenkoku/e/zenkoku_e2017/pp_zenkoku2017e_gaiyou.html#e_zenkoku_II.
26 26 »Gross Debt Position,% of GDP«, Fiscal Monitor, International Monetary Fund, April 2020, https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/G_XWDG_G01_GDP_PT@FM/ADVEC/ FM_EMG/FM_LIDC.
27 27 Ibidem.
28 28 »U.S. Central Bank Cuts Interest Rate for 1st Time since 2008«, CBC, Juli 2019, https:// www.cbc.ca/news/business/federal-reserve-interest-rate-decision-1.5231891.
29 29 »United States Fed Funds Rate, 1971–2020«, Trading Economics, https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/interest-rate.
30 30 Diese Praxis ist in vielen öl- und gasproduzierenden Ländern wie dem Iran, Russland, Saudi-Arabien, Irak, den VAE, Libyen und Kuwait, aber auch in anderen Schwellenländern wie China, Indonesien, Mexiko und Ägypten üblich. Siehe: »Energy Subsidies,Tracking the Impact of FossilFuel Subsidies«, IEA, https://www.iea.org/topics/energy-subsidies.
31 31 »Public Spending on Health: A Closer Look at Global Trends«, Weltgesundheitsorganisation, https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/276728/WHO-HIS-HGF-HF-Working Paper-18.3-eng.pdf?ua=1.
32 32 »Global Infrastructure Outlook«, Global Infrastructure Hub, https://outlook.gihub.org/.
33 33 »We'll Live to 100—How Can We Afford It?« Weltwirtschaftsforum, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_White_Paper_We_Will_Live_to_100.pdf.
34 34 »Labor Productivity and Costs«, Bureau of Labor Statistics, https://www.bls.gov/lpc/ prodybar.htm.
35 35 »Decoupling of Wages from Productivity«, OECD, Economic Outlook, November 2018, https://www.oecd.org/economy/outlook/Decoupling-of-wages-from-productivity-november-2018-OECD-economic-outlook-chapter.pdf.