References CHAPTER 99: Cachexia Introduction Consequences of cachexia Pathophysiology of cachexia Treatment of cachexia References CHAPTER 100: WHO Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) Introduction ICOPE steps ICOPE implementation Expected outcome moving forward References SECTION 13: Iatrogenic Infections CHAPTER 101: Valvular heart disease and infective endocarditis Introduction Epidemiology and prevalence of valvular heart disease in the ageing population Aetiology of valvular heart disease History and physical exam Investigations Aortic stenosis Aortic regurgitation Mitral stenosis Mitral regurgitation Tricuspid regurgitation Tricuspid stenosis and pulmonic valve disease Mixed valve disease Management of patients following valve interventions Infective endocarditis Conclusion Key references Further reading CHAPTER 102: Infections of the central nervous system Introduction Meningitis Focal central nervous system infections References SECTION 14: Special Issues SECTION I: Abuse and Older People CHAPTER 103: Good quality care: abuse Ageism Psychological control Abuse Good treatment Ethics Prevention Inclusive society Conclusion Bibliography CHAPTER 104: Alcohol consumption and cognition Evidence from studies Prospective evidence Alcohol consumption and Alzheimer’s disease What is the cognitive and brain atrophy pattern in heavy drinkers? Conclusion References CHAPTER 105: The use and abuse of prescribed medicines Introduction Use and harmful use Pharmacology Prevalence and correlates Benzodiazepines Illicit drug misuse Treatment Prognosis Conclusion References CHAPTER 106: Drug misuse and the older person: a contradiction in terms? Introduction Medications and the older people: geriatric specificities, adverse drug reactions, and drug misuse References SECTION II: Emerging Themes CHAPTER 107: Transportation, driving, and older adults Introduction Illness and transportation What do we need to know to assess our older patients? Conclusion References CHAPTER 108: Smart Homes Introduction Definition of
