constipation Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and impact Clinical approach Special categories of constipation Conclusion References CHAPTER 21: Diseases of the pancreas The ageing pancreas Inflammatory diseases of the pancreas Pancreatic cysts and tumours References SECTION 3: Haematological Disorders CHAPTER 22: Anaemia in older people Background Epidemiology Nutritional deficiencies Inflammatory anaemias Anaemia of clonal disorders Conclusion References CHAPTER 23: Disseminated intravascular coagulation Introduction Pathophysiology Diagnosis Management Chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation References CHAPTER 24: Disorders of haemostasis Introduction Disorders of platelet number Functional platelet defects Hereditary coagulation defects Acquired coagulation defects Vascular disorders Thrombotic disorders Lupus anticoagulant References CHAPTER 25: When to anticoagulate, and which anticoagulant? Introduction The elderly are more prone to thromboembolism The elderly are more prone to haemorrhage Anticoagulant response differs in the elderly Anticoagulants are effective in the elderly Optimizing the risk‐benefit equation in the elderly Start‐stop‐start anticoagulation References CHAPTER 26: Myelodysplasia Introduction Epidemiology and clinical presentation Elderly patients and risk assessment Diagnosis Prognosis Treatment References CHAPTER 27: Management of myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukaemias in the elderly Introduction Myelodysplastic syndromes Prognostic factors Acute myeloid leukaemias (AMLs) Conclusion Bibliography SECTION 4: Cardiovascular Diseases and Health CHAPTER 28: Epidemiology of heart disease Introduction Coronary heart disease Heart failure Valvular heart disease Rhythm disorders Conclusion References CHAPTER 29: Arrhythmias The normal cardiac conduction system The ageing heart Incidental findings that may be normal in older people Pathological findings in older people Symptomatic bradycardias Atrial tachyarrhythmias Atrial fibrillation Other supraventricular arrhythmias References CHAPTER 30: Ischaemic heart disease
