Аlexander Chekhanovski

German Unlocked. Your Complete Guide to B2 Proficiency


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to (people, buildings), at

      aus (aus) – from, out of

      bei (bai) – at, near

      seit (zait) – since (time)

      gegenüber (gay-gen-ü-ber) – opposite

      Examples with Dative Prepositions:

      Ich gehe mit dem Freund ins Kino. (ihh gay-e mit dem froint ins kee-no) – I go to the cinema with the friend. (dem Freund – dative because of «mit»)

      Sie fährt nach Deutschland. (zee fairt nahh doitch-lant) – She is traveling to Germany. (nach Deutschland – dative because of «nach»)

      Er kommt von der Arbeit. (air komt fon dare ar-bait) – He comes from work. (von der Arbeit – dative because of «von»)

      Wir gehen zu dem Arzt. (veer gay-en tsoo dem artst) – We go to the doctor. (zu dem Arzt – dative because of «zu»)

      Word Bank

      Dativ (dah-teef) – Dative

      indirektes Objekt (in-dee-rek-tes ob-yekt) – indirect object

      dem (dehm) – the (masculine/neuter, dative)

      der (dare) – the (feminine, dative)

      den (dehn) – the (plural, dative)

      einem (ai-nem) – a (masculine/neuter, dative)

      einer (ai-ner) – a (feminine, dative)

      mir (meer) – me (dative)

      dir (deer) – you (dative, informal)

      ihm (eem) – him/it (dative)

      ihr (eer) – her (dative)

      ihnen (ee-nen) – them (dative)

      mit (mit) – with

      nach (nahh) – to/after

      von (fon) – from/of

      zu (tsoo) – to/at

      Exercises

      Identify the dative object in the following sentences:

      Ich zeige dem Kind das Bild. (I show the child the picture.)

      Sie gibt der Mutter eine Blume. (She gives the mother a flower.)

      Wir helfen den Studenten. (We help the students.)

      Fill in the correct article in the dative case:

      Ich gehe mit ______ Hund spazieren. (der Hund)

      Sie fährt zu ______ Freundin. (die Freundin)

      Er wohnt bei ______ Eltern. (die Eltern)

      Fill in the blanks with the correct dative pronoun:

      Ich danke ______. (du)

      Sie hilft ______. (er)

      Wir geben ______ das Buch. (ihr)

      Translate the following sentences into German, paying attention to the dative case and prepositions:

      I go to the cinema with my friend.

      She is traveling to Austria.

      He comes from work.

      We are helping the children.

      I give the book to her.

      Rewrite the sentences in exercise 1, replacing the dative objects with the correct dative pronouns.

      That’s Chapter 7 completed! You now understand the dative case and its usage with indirect objects and certain prepositions.

      Chapter 8: Possessive Pronouns

      Possessive pronouns are used to show ownership or possession. They indicate who or what something belongs to. In this chapter, we’ll learn how to use possessive pronouns in German, paying attention to how they change based on the gender and case of the noun they modify.

      Basic Possessive Pronouns

      Here are the basic possessive pronouns in German, along with their English equivalents:

      mein (main) – my

      dein (dain) – your (informal, singular)

      sein (zain) – his

      ihr (eer) – her

      sein (zain) – its

      unser (oon-zer) – our

      euer (oi-er) – your (informal, plural)

      ihr (eer) – their

      Ihr (eer) – your (formal)

      Agreement with Gender and Case

      Just like articles, possessive pronouns must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify. This means they change their endings depending on whether the noun is masculine, feminine, neuter, or plural, and whether it’s in the nominative, accusative, or dative case.

      Possessive Pronoun Endings

      The endings of possessive pronouns are similar to the endings of indefinite articles. Here’s a general guide:

      Masculine Nominative: mein Mann (my man) – no ending added

      Feminine Nominative: meine Frau (my woman) – add “-e»

      Neuter Nominative: mein Kind (my child) – no ending added

      Plural Nominative: meine Kinder (my children) – add “-e»

      Accusative Case Changes

      Masculine Accusative: meinen Mann (my man) – add “-en»

      Feminine Accusative: meine Frau (my woman) – add “-e» (same as nominative)

      Neuter Accusative: mein Kind (my child) – no ending added (same as nominative)

      Plural Accusative: meine Kinder (my children) – add “-e» (same as nominative)

      Dative Case Changes

      Masculine Dative: meinem Mann (to my man) – add “-em»

      Feminine Dative: meiner Frau (to my woman) – add “-er»

      Neuter Dative: meinem Kind (to my child) – add “-em»

      Plural Dative: meinen Kindern (to my children) – add “-en» (the noun usually takes an -n ending, if it doesn’t already have one)

      Examples in Sentences

      Nominative:

      Mein Bruder ist nett. (main broo-der ist net) – My brother is nice. (Masculine)

      Meine Schwester ist klug. (mai-ne shves-ter ist kloog) – My sister is smart. (Feminine)

      Mein Haus ist groß. (main haus ist grohs) – My house is big. (Neuter)

      Meine Eltern sind freundlich. (mai-ne el-tern zint froint-lihh) – My parents are friendly. (Plural)

      Accusative:

      Ich sehe meinen Bruder. (ihh zay-e mai-nen broo-der) – I see my brother. (Masculine)

      Ich sehe meine Schwester. (ihh zay-e mai-ne shves-ter) – I see my sister. (Feminine)

      Ich sehe mein Haus. (ihh zay-e main haus) – I see my house. (Neuter)

      Ich sehe meine Eltern. (ihh zay-e mai-ne el-tern) – I see my parents. (Plural)

      Dative:

      Ich helfe meinem Bruder. (ihh hel-fe mai-nem broo-der) – I help my brother. (Masculine)

      Ich helfe meiner Schwester. (ihh hel-fe mai-ner shves-ter) – I help my sister. (Feminine)

      Ich helfe meinem Kind. (ihh hel-fe mai-nem kint) – I help my child. (Neuter)

      Ich helfe meinen Eltern. (ihh hel-fe mai-nen el-tern) – I help my parents. (Plural)

      Using «euer» (your – informal, plural)

      The